Contents Preface iv About the Authors xi PART 1 DC Circuits 2 Chapter 1 Basic Concepts 3 1.1 Introduction 4 1.2 Systems of Units 5 1.3 Charge and Current 6 1.4 Voltage 9 1.5 Power and Energy 10 1.6 Circuit Elements 14 1.7 Applications 16 1.7.1 TV Picture Tube 1.7.2 Electricity Bills 1.8 Problem Solving 19 1.9 Summary 22 Review Questions 23 Problems 24 Comprehensive Problems 26 Chapter 2 Basic Laws 29 2.1 Introduction 30 2.2 Ohm’s Law 30 2.3 Nodes, Branches, and Loops 35 2.4 Kirchhoff’s Laws 37 2.5 Series Resistors and Voltage Division 43 2.6 Parallel Resistors and Current Division 44 2.7 Wye-Delta Transformations 51 Delta to Wye Conversion Wye to Delta Conversion 2.8 Applications 57 2.8.1 Lighting Systems 2.8.2 Design of DC Meters 2.9 Summary 63 Review Questions 64 Problems 65 Comprehensive Problems 77 Chapter 3 Methods of Analysis 79 3.1 Introduction 80 3.2 Nodal Analysis 80 3.3 Nodal Analysis with Voltage Sources 86 3.4 Mesh Analysis 91 3.5 Mesh Analysis with Current Sources 96 3.6 Nodal and Mesh Analyses by Inspection 98 3.7 Nodal Versus Mesh Analysis 102 3.8 Circuit Analysis with PSpice 103 3.9 Applications: DC Transistor Circuits 105 3.10 Summary 110 Review Questions 111 Problems 112 Comprehensive Problem 124 Chapter 4 Circuit Theorems 125 4.1 Introduction 126 4.2 Linearity Property 126 4.3 Superposition 128 4.4 Source Transformation 133 4.5 Thevenin’s Theorem 137 4.6 Norton’s Theorem 143 4.7 Derivations of Thevenin’s and Norton’s Theorems 147 4.8 Maximum Power Transfer 148 4.9 Verifying Circuit Theorems with PSpice 150 4.10 Applications 153 4.10.1 Source Modeling 4.10.2 Resistance Measurement 4.11 Summary 158 Review Questions 159 Problems 160 Comprehensive Problems 171 Chapter 5 Operational Amplifiers 173 5.1 Introduction 174 5.2 Operational Amplifiers 174 5.3 Ideal Op Amp 178 5.4 Inverting Amplifier 179 5.5 Noninverting Amplifier 181 5.6 Summing Amplifier 183 5.7 Difference Amplifier 185 5.8 Cascaded Op Amp Circuits 189 5.9 Op Amp Circuit Analysis with PSpice 192 5.10 Applications 194 5.10.1 Digital-to-Analog Converter 5.10.2 Instrumentation Amplifiers 5.11 Summary 197 Review Questions 199 Problems 200 Comprehensive Problems 211 Chapter 6 Capacitors and Inductors 213 6.1 Introduction 214 6.2 Capacitors 214 6.3 Series and Parallel Capacitors 220 6.4 Inductors 224 6.5 Series and Parallel Inductors 228 6.6 Applications 231 6.6.1 Integrator 6.6.2 Differentiator 6.6.3 Analog Computer 6.7 Summary 238 Review Questions 239 Problems 240 Comprehensive Problems 249 Chapter 7 First-Order Circuits251 7.1 Introduction 252 7.2 The Source-Free RC Circuit 253 7.3 The Source-Free RL Circuit 257 7.4 Singularity Functions 263 7.5 Step Response of an RC Circuit 271 7.6 Step Response of an RL Circuit 278 7.7 First-Order Op Amp Circuits 282 7.8 Transient Analysis with PSpice 287 7.9 Applications 291 7.9.1 Delay Circuits 7.9.2 Photoflash Unit 7.9.3 Relay Circuits 7.9.4 Automobile Ignition Circuit 7.10 Summary 297 Review Questions 298 Problems 299 Comprehensive Problems 309 Chapter 8 Second-Order Circuits311 8.1 Introduction 312 8.2 Finding Initial and Final Values 313 8.3 The Source-Free Series RLC Circuit 317 8.4 The Source-Free Parallel RLC Circuit 324 8.5 Step Response of a Series RLC Circuit 329 8.6 Step Response of a Parallel RLC Circuit 334 8.7 General Second-Order Circuits 337 8.8 Second-Order Op Amp Circuits 342 8.9 PSpice Analysis of RLC Circuits 344 8.10 Duality 3488.11 Applications 351 8.11.1 Automobile Ignition System 8.11.2 Smoothing Circuits 8.12 Summary 354 Review Questions 355 Problems 356 Comprehensive Problems 365 PART 2 AC Circuits366 Chapter 9 Sinusoids and Phasors 367 9.1 Introduction 368 9.2 Sinusoids 369 9.3 Phasors 374 9.4 Phasor Relationships for Circuit Elements 383 9.5 Impedance and Admittance 385 9.6 Kirchhoff’s Laws in the Frequency Domain 387 9.