《中國(guó)外語(yǔ)研究學(xué)海文叢:英語(yǔ)寫作教學(xué)中的有效輸入》引入輸入理論與創(chuàng)新教育的理念,并以此為框架探索英語(yǔ)寫作教學(xué)中大學(xué)生英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)篇表達(dá)能力和創(chuàng)新能力的培養(yǎng)。
結(jié)合輸入理論和語(yǔ)言模因論,《中國(guó)外語(yǔ)研究學(xué)海文叢:英語(yǔ)寫作教學(xué)中的有效輸入》力圖論證英語(yǔ)外語(yǔ)寫作教學(xué)中引入大量輸入材料的必要性,探索有效語(yǔ)言輸入在詞匯、句法和段落各個(gè)層面的語(yǔ)言特點(diǎn)和功能,并基于此探索結(jié)合仿寫如何將輸入轉(zhuǎn)化為有效的、創(chuàng)新性的語(yǔ)言輸出,使學(xué)生語(yǔ)篇表達(dá)能力得到有效的提高。
近年來(lái),外語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言文學(xué)學(xué)科的不斷發(fā)展推動(dòng)了中國(guó)外語(yǔ)研究的繁榮。為了反映最新研究成果和研究動(dòng)態(tài),中國(guó)海洋大學(xué)出版社推出了“中國(guó)外語(yǔ)研究學(xué)海文叢”。本文叢將立足學(xué)科前沿,倡導(dǎo)外語(yǔ)研究的科學(xué)精神,推出力作,為外語(yǔ)教師和研究者提供一個(gè)學(xué)術(shù)平臺(tái)和研究陣地,推動(dòng)外國(guó)語(yǔ)言文學(xué)學(xué)科的發(fā)展和繁榮。
外語(yǔ)教師為什么要搞科研?這似乎是一個(gè)不需要回答的問(wèn)題。一般認(rèn)為,教學(xué)和科研是不分家的。教師在教書育人的過(guò)程中經(jīng)常會(huì)遇到各種各樣的問(wèn)題或困惑,有些問(wèn)題需要通過(guò)科研的途徑才能找到滿意的解決方案。教學(xué)與科研之間應(yīng)該是互為促進(jìn)、相輔相成的關(guān)系。科研不僅是教師職業(yè)能力發(fā)展的重要組成部分,也是傳道授業(yè)解惑的重要方面和途徑。外語(yǔ)教師如何搞科研?這既是許多外語(yǔ)教師曾經(jīng)或者正在思考的問(wèn)題,也是很多外語(yǔ)教師的困惑所在。在很多人的眼中,外語(yǔ)教師所從事的工作就是教外語(yǔ),甚至有人把外語(yǔ)看作是單純的工具,認(rèn)為把教學(xué)搞好就行了,沒(méi)有什么可研究的。持有這種觀點(diǎn)的人不在少數(shù)。為什么會(huì)有人戴著有色眼鏡看待外語(yǔ)學(xué)科?一方面,有些人的確對(duì)外語(yǔ)學(xué)科缺乏了解。另一方面,外語(yǔ)學(xué)科本身亦有需要我們深思的問(wèn)題。這些問(wèn)題表現(xiàn)在以下幾個(gè)方面:第一,外語(yǔ)教師雖然有接觸前沿文獻(xiàn)的語(yǔ)言優(yōu)勢(shì),但我們“照著講”做得多,而“接著講”做得相對(duì)少。近年來(lái),我們?cè)诮榻B和引進(jìn)國(guó)外理論方面做了很多工作,而在原創(chuàng)性的研究方面還需要加強(qiáng)。第二,外語(yǔ)學(xué)科在對(duì)接國(guó)家戰(zhàn)略和重大需求方面做得不夠,需要在學(xué)術(shù)研究上與時(shí)俱進(jìn),關(guān)注社會(huì)問(wèn)題,面向政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、文化、教育和外交領(lǐng)域的國(guó)家戰(zhàn)略和需求,創(chuàng)新研究思路,提高學(xué)術(shù)研究的時(shí)代性并形成規(guī)模效應(yīng)。第三,外語(yǔ)學(xué)科應(yīng)加強(qiáng)與其他學(xué)科的交叉、合作與交流,解決外語(yǔ)與漢語(yǔ)研究的“兩張皮”問(wèn)題,通過(guò)學(xué)科交叉,開(kāi)闊研究的視野,并通過(guò)學(xué)科之間的合作與交流,取長(zhǎng)補(bǔ)短,壯大學(xué)科研究的實(shí)力。
關(guān)于如何做科研,這是一個(gè)比較復(fù)雜的問(wèn)題。對(duì)于研究者來(lái)說(shuō),從事科研工作需要具備一些基本的修養(yǎng)。具體說(shuō)來(lái),研究者應(yīng)具備專門的知識(shí)和理論,掌握科學(xué)的研究方法,具有一定的研究能力,特別是洞察問(wèn)題的能力、分析與綜合的能力。當(dāng)然,語(yǔ)言表達(dá)能力也是不可忽視的一個(gè)重要方面。對(duì)于科研本身而言,任何學(xué)術(shù)研究都離不開(kāi)研究者對(duì)相關(guān)文獻(xiàn)的深入研讀和縱觀全局的把握,離不開(kāi)研究者對(duì)問(wèn)題的獨(dú)立思考和深刻感悟,更離不開(kāi)同行之間的學(xué)術(shù)交流和思想碰撞。總之,學(xué)術(shù)研究是在科學(xué)準(zhǔn)則的指導(dǎo)下發(fā)現(xiàn)問(wèn)題和解決問(wèn)題的心智活動(dòng)。
陳燕琴,湖北工業(yè)大學(xué)外語(yǔ)學(xué)院教師,2006年畢業(yè)于華中師范大學(xué)外語(yǔ)學(xué)院,獲碩士學(xué)位。長(zhǎng)期從事基礎(chǔ)英語(yǔ)、基礎(chǔ)英語(yǔ)寫作、高級(jí)英語(yǔ)寫作、語(yǔ)言學(xué)等課程教學(xué)工作。2016年上半年在美國(guó)底特律大學(xué)訪學(xué)。研究興趣為英語(yǔ)教學(xué)與英語(yǔ)寫作教學(xué),F(xiàn)主持湖北省教育廳人文社科項(xiàng)目與湖北工業(yè)大學(xué)教學(xué)研究項(xiàng)目各一項(xiàng)。公開(kāi)發(fā)表英語(yǔ)寫作教學(xué)相關(guān)題材論文五篇,其中核心期刊一篇。參編教材四部,其中一部擔(dān)任副主編。
Chapter 1 Meme,F(xiàn)ormulaic Language and Effective Input
1.1 Definition of formulaic language
1.2 Formulaic language and writing competence
Chapter 2 Formulaic Language and Effective Input
2.1 Lexical input
2.2 Syntactic input
2.3 Paragraph input
2.4 Whole composition input
Chapter 3 Memetics and English Writing
3.1 Memetics
3.2 Memetics and language
3.3 Three qualities of a successful meme
3.4 Memes and language learning
3.5 Imitation and memes
Chapter 4 Research and Experiment
4.1 Pre-test stage
4.2 While-test stage
4.3 Post-test stage
Chapter 5 Conclusion
Reference
Appendices
《中國(guó)外語(yǔ)研究學(xué)海文叢:英語(yǔ)寫作教學(xué)中的有效輸入》:
Regrettably, though the importance of input is fully addressed, little has been done to further the study to more practical field, like to answer what indeed is the right form of input as needed by language learners or how to incorporate input in the teaching of a foreign language. Therefore, this book focuses on the study of formulaic language as "copiable" meme and effective input critical to the improvement of Chinese learners' writing performance and competence.
1. 1Definition of formulaic language
Though linguistic and pedagogical experts define formulaic language from different angles, the consensus achieved is that they are multiword units oflanguage that are stored in long-term memory as if they were single lexical units.
Nattinger and DeCarrico (1992) provide the most com- prehensiye taxonomy and description of formulaic language uruts, which they refer to as lexical phrases. According to their research, the most frequently used formulaic language units fall into four categories: polywords, institutionalized expressions, phrasal constraints and sentence builders.
(1) Polywords are phrases that operate as single words, allowing no variability or lexical insertions. Examples include "for the most part", "in a nutshell" and "by the way".
(2) Institutionalized expressions are sentence-length, invariable, and mostly continuous. Examples include "how do you do", "nice meeting you", "be that as it may" and "long time no see".
(3) Phrasal constraints allow variations of lexical and phrase categories, and are mostly continuous. Examples include "a day ago", "a year ago", "a very long time ago", "as I was saying" and "in summary".
(4) Sentence builders are lexical phrases that allow the construction of full sentences, with fillable slots, allowing lots of variation and insertions. Examples include "I think that X", "I think that it's a good idea" and "I think he ought to do it, not only X, but also Y".
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