目前,隨著環(huán)境污染、石油資源不可再生等問(wèn)題日趨嚴(yán)重,環(huán)境污染和能源局限已成了世界范圍內(nèi)的以?xún)?nèi)燃機(jī)為動(dòng)力的燃油汽車(chē)所面臨的兩大難題。2015年2月,科技部發(fā)布《國(guó)家重點(diǎn)研發(fā)計(jì)劃新能源汽車(chē)重點(diǎn)專(zhuān)項(xiàng)實(shí)施方案(征求意見(jiàn)稿)》,旨在落實(shí)《節(jié)能與新能源汽車(chē)產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展規(guī)劃(2012-2020年)》,并強(qiáng)調(diào)實(shí)施新能源汽車(chē)“純電驅(qū)動(dòng)”技術(shù)轉(zhuǎn)型戰(zhàn)略,完善電動(dòng)汽車(chē)“三縱三橫”技術(shù)體系和新能源汽車(chē)研發(fā)體系等內(nèi)容。發(fā)展新能源汽車(chē)包括混合動(dòng)力汽車(chē)(H=EV)、純電動(dòng)汽車(chē)(PEV)以及燃料電池汽車(chē)(FCEV)是實(shí)現(xiàn)我國(guó)能源安全和環(huán)境保護(hù)以及中國(guó)汽車(chē)工業(yè)健康可持續(xù)發(fā)展的必然趨勢(shì)。純電動(dòng)汽車(chē)以車(chē)載二次電源作為儲(chǔ)能方式,以電動(dòng)機(jī)為動(dòng)力裝置驅(qū)動(dòng)車(chē)輛行駛,相比混合動(dòng)力汽車(chē)而言,具有零排放、低噪聲且結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單等特點(diǎn),而相比燃料電池則在當(dāng)前更具產(chǎn)業(yè)化的基礎(chǔ),因此而受到了世界各國(guó)政府及汽車(chē)企業(yè)的廣泛關(guān)注。
本書(shū)從新能源汽車(chē)專(zhuān)業(yè)英語(yǔ)的角度出發(fā),將新能源汽車(chē)技術(shù)內(nèi)容劃分為電池、電機(jī)、電控三部分核心技術(shù),另外增加新能源汽車(chē)發(fā)展歷史、現(xiàn)狀,以及相關(guān)的國(guó)外產(chǎn)業(yè)政策等內(nèi)容。本書(shū)編寫(xiě)過(guò)程中,結(jié)合目前很多國(guó)外新能源汽車(chē)技術(shù),將其系統(tǒng)化后,結(jié)合國(guó)內(nèi)新能源汽車(chē)專(zhuān)業(yè)培養(yǎng)學(xué)生需要,以及行業(yè)、企業(yè)崗位需求,以項(xiàng)目化教學(xué)為主線(xiàn),設(shè)計(jì)本書(shū)的內(nèi)容。
全書(shū)由衢州職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院方曉汾老師編著,項(xiàng)目一、項(xiàng)目二、項(xiàng)目三由東北石油大學(xué)張勇老師和惠州經(jīng)濟(jì)職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院鐘文浩老師審稿,項(xiàng)目四、項(xiàng)目五由河北工業(yè)大學(xué)武春龍老師審稿,項(xiàng)目六、項(xiàng)目七由江蘇安全技術(shù)職業(yè)學(xué)院溫俊芳老師審稿,南京理工大學(xué)方斌教授主審。
感謝共同參與工作的衢州求是科技聯(lián)合會(huì)各位同仁,感謝浙江大學(xué)朱紹鵬副教授、美國(guó)ASE(Automotive Service Excellence)高級(jí)技師Paul Polzer提出的寶貴修改意見(jiàn)。感謝校級(jí)課改項(xiàng)目(NO.KGXM201609)支持。
本書(shū)在編寫(xiě)過(guò)程中,引用了純電動(dòng)汽車(chē)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、網(wǎng)絡(luò)資源以及圖片,特向其作者表示感謝。
由于時(shí)間倉(cāng)促,水平有限,書(shū)中難免存在疏漏或不妥之處,歡迎讀者隨時(shí)提出批評(píng)。有不清楚的地方希望讀者盡快與我們聯(lián)系。
Learning Situation One A Brief History
Section 1.1 Early days
Section 1.2 Developments Towards the End of the 20th Century
Learning Situation Two Electric Vehicle in Use Today
Section 2.1 Battery electric vehicles
Section 2.2 The IC engine/electric hybrid vehicle
Section 2.3 Fuelled electric vehicles
Learning Situation Three Batteries
Section 3.1 Cell and battery voltages
Section 3.2 Charge (or Amphour) capacity
Section 3.3 Energy stored
Section 3.4 Specific energy and Energy density
Section 3.5 Specific power
Section 3.6 Amphour (or charge) efficiency and Energy efficiency
Section 3.7 Self-discharge rates
Section 3.8 Battery geometry
Section 3.9 Lead Acid Batteries
Section 3.10 Battery life and maintenance
Learning Situation Four Electric Machines and their Controllers
Section 4.1 The 'Brushed' DC Electric Motor
4.1.1 Operation of the basic DC motor
4.1.2 Torque speed characteristics
4.1.3 Controlling the brushed DC motor
4.1.4 Providing the magnetic field for DC motors
4.1.5 DC motor efficiency
4.1.6 Motor losses and motor size
4.1.7 Electric motors as brakes
Section 4.2 DC Regulation and Voltage Conversion
4.2.1 Switching devices
4.2.2 Step - down or ‘buck’ regulators
4.2.3 Step - up or ‘boost’switching regulator
4.2.4 Single - phase inverters
4.2.5 Three - phase
Section 4.3 Brushless Electric Motors
4.3.1 Introduction
4.3.2 The brushless DC motor
4.3.3 Switched reluctance motors
4.3.4 The induction motor
Section 4.4 Motor Cooling, Efficiency, Size and Mass
4.4.1 Improving motor efficiency
4.4.2 Motor mass
Section 4.5 Electrical Machines for Hybrid Vehicles
Learning Situation Five Electric Vehicles and the Environment
Section 5.1 Vehicle pollution : the Effects
Section 5.2 Vehicle pollution : a Quantitative Analysis
Section 5.3 Vehicle Pollution in Context
Section 5.4 Alternative and Sustainable Energy Used via the Grid
5.4.1 Solar energy
5.4.2 Wind energy
5.4.3 Hydro energy
5.4.4 Tidal energy
5.4.5 Biomass energy
Section 5.5 Using Sustainable Energy with Fuelled Vehicles
Section 5.6 The Role of Regulations and Law Makers
Learning Situation Six Safety Considerations
Section 6.1 Electric system safety
Section 6.2 Maintenance Safety
Learning Situation Seven Case Study
Section 7.1 Rechargeable Battery Vehicles
7.1.1 Tesla Model S
7.1.2 Nissan Leaf
Section 7.2 Hybrid Vehicles
7.2.1 Honda Insight
7.2.2 Toyota Prius
Appendix Curiosity Rover on Mars
Abbreviation
Reference