本書采用通俗易懂的語言，介紹了車削加工和數(shù)控車削加工所需掌握的基本知識和技能。本書主要內(nèi)容包括：車床概述、車床上工件夾緊和刀具夾緊設(shè)備、車床操作、手動車螺紋、錐面車削、數(shù)控加工基礎(chǔ)、數(shù)控車削簡介、數(shù)控車削編程、數(shù)控車削的設(shè)置與操作。
目 錄
出版說明
序
第
1章 車床概述 ···························· 1
1.1 概述 ·············································· 2
1.2 主軸箱 ··········································· 2
1.2.1 主軸 ········································ 2
1.2.2 變速箱
····································· 5
1.3 床身 ·············································· 5
1.4 溜板 ·············································· 5
1.4.1 床鞍 ········································ 5
1.4.2 絲杠和光杠
······························· 7
1.4.3 溜板箱
····································· 7
1.5 尾座 ·············································· 8
1.6 車床規(guī)格 ········································ 8
1.6.1 回轉(zhuǎn)直徑 ·································· 8
1.6.2 床身長度 ·································· 9
第
2章 車床上的工件夾緊和刀具
夾緊設(shè)備 ··························· 10
2.1 概述············································· 11
2.2 工件夾緊······································· 11
2.2.1 卡盤 ······································· 11
2.2.2 夾頭 ·······································15
2.2.3 花盤 ·······································18
2.2.4 工件在兩個頂尖之間夾緊·············18
2.2.5 心軸 ·······································22
2.2.6 工件的輔助支承方法···················23
2.3 刀具夾緊·······································25
2.3.1 擺桿式刀具夾緊·························25
2.3.2 快換式刀具夾緊·························26
2.3.3 可轉(zhuǎn)位刀架
······························27
2.3.4 孔加工刀具夾緊·························28
第
3章 車床操作 ··························· 29
3.1 概述·············································30
3.2 背吃刀量、切削速度、進(jìn)給量和加工工時
的計算·········································· 30
3.2.1 背吃刀量 ································· 30
3.2.2 切削速度 ································· 31
3.2.3 進(jìn)給量
···································· 31
3.2.4 粗加工與精加工························· 31
3.2.5 加工工時的計算························· 32
3.3 通用車床操作安全事項 ····················· 32
3.4 端面車削和外圓車削 ························ 33
3.4.1 端面車削和外圓車削刀具············· 33
3.4.2 刀具的基本幾何參數(shù)··················· 35
3.4.3 端面車削 ································· 41
3.4.4 外圓車削 ································· 46
3.4.5 軸肩車削 ································· 49
3.5 銼削與拋光 ···································· 54
3.6 中心孔鉆與定點鉆 ··························· 56
3.6.1 中心孔鉆 ································· 56
3.6.2 定點鉆
···································· 56
3.7 車床上的孔加工 ······························ 57
3.7.1 鉆孔 ······································· 57
3.7.2 鉸孔 ······································· 58
3.7.3 加工沉頭孔和埋頭孔··················· 58
3.7.4 鏜孔 ······································· 58
3.7.5 加工內(nèi)軸肩
······························ 60
3.8 使用絲錐和板牙加工螺紋 ·················· 61
3.9 成形加工 ······································· 61
3.10 切槽和切斷 ·································· 62
3.11 滾花 ··········································· 64
第
4章 手動車螺紋 ························ 67
4.1 概述············································· 68
4.2 螺紋術(shù)語 ······································· 68
4.3 配合等級 ······································· 69
4.4 確定螺紋數(shù)據(jù) ································· 70
4.4.1 外螺紋的螺紋大徑······················ 70
4.4.2 內(nèi)螺紋的螺紋小徑······················ 70
4.4.3 刀架進(jìn)給量
······························ 70
4.4.4 螺紋中徑 ································· 72
4.5 在車床上加工螺紋 ··························· 72
4.6 車床的調(diào)整 ···································· 73
4.6.1 安裝工件 ································· 73
4.6.2 調(diào)整進(jìn)給箱
······························ 73
4.6.3 調(diào)整小滑板
······························ 74
4.6.4 調(diào)整主軸轉(zhuǎn)速···························· 75
4.6.5 安裝、調(diào)整刀具························· 75
4.7 車螺紋操作 ···································· 76
4.7.1 設(shè)置刀具的參考位置··················· 76
4.7.2 亂扣盤和開合螺母······················ 76
4.7.3 螺紋車刀的進(jìn)刀與調(diào)位················ 77
4.7.4 螺紋收尾法
······························ 78
4.8 螺紋測量 ······································· 80
4.8.1 螺紋環(huán)規(guī)與塞規(guī)························· 80
4.8.2 螺紋千分尺
······························ 80
4.8.3 三線法
···································· 81
4.8.4 牙型測量 ································· 82
4.9 其他牙型 ······································· 82
4.9.1 梯形螺紋 ································· 82
4.9.2 圓錐管螺紋
······························ 82
4.9.3 鋸齒形螺紋
······························ 83
第
5章 錐面車削 ··························· 84
5.1 概述············································· 85
5.2 典型錐面的尺寸標(biāo)注法 ····················· 85
5.2.1 角度標(biāo)注法
······························ 85
5.2.2 變化率標(biāo)注法···························· 85
5.3 錐面尺寸和計算 ······························ 86
5.3.1 將
TPI或
TPF轉(zhuǎn)化為角度尺寸 ······ 89
5.3.2 將角度尺寸轉(zhuǎn)化為
TPI或
TPF ······· 89
5.4 錐面車削方法 ································· 90
5.4.1 寬刃切削法
······························ 90
5.4.2 轉(zhuǎn)動小滑板法····························90
5.4.3 錐面靠模法
······························92
5.4.4 尾座偏移法
······························94
第
6章 數(shù)控加工基礎(chǔ) ····················· 97
6.1 概述·············································98
6.2 數(shù)控機(jī)床控制單元 ···························99
6.3 數(shù)控運動控制 ······························· 100
6.3.1 傳動絲杠 ······························· 100
6.3.2 數(shù)控導(dǎo)軌 ······························· 100
6.3.3 伺服電動機(jī)
···························· 101
6.4 坐標(biāo)系 ········································ 101
6.4.1 笛卡兒坐標(biāo)系·························· 102
6.4.2 極坐標(biāo)系 ······························· 103
6.5 定位系統(tǒng) ····································· 103
6.5.1 絕對定位系統(tǒng)·························· 103
6.5.2 增量定位系統(tǒng)·························· 104
6.6 代碼 ··········································· 104
6.6.1 G代碼 ·································· 104
6.6.2 M代碼 ·································· 105
6.6.3 其他字地址指令······················· 105
6.6.4 二進(jìn)制代碼
···························· 107
6.7 對話型編程 ·································· 107
6.8 數(shù)控程序的組成 ···························· 107
6.8.1 安全啟動 ······························· 108
6.8.2 材料去除 ······························· 108
6.8.3 程序結(jié)尾 ······························· 109
第
7章 數(shù)控車削概述 ····················110
7.1 概述 ············································111
7.2 車床的類型 ·································· 113
7.2.1 轉(zhuǎn)塔車床 ······························· 113
7.2.2 組合刀具車床·························· 113
7.2.3 數(shù)控車床 ······························· 114
7.2.4 瑞士車削中心·························· 114
7.3 刀具安裝 ····································· 116
7.4 工件夾持 ····································· 121
7.4.1 工件夾持夾頭·························· 121
7.4.2 工件夾持卡盤·························· 122
7.5 工藝策劃 ····································· 122
第
8章 數(shù)控車削編程 ··················· 123
8.1 概述 ··········································· 124
8.2 車削的坐標(biāo)定位 ···························· 124
8.3 車削運動的類型 ···························· 124
8.3.1 車削的快速移位——G0 ············· 124
8.3.2 車削的線性插補(bǔ)——G1 ············· 124
8.3.3 車削的圓弧插補(bǔ)——G2和
G3 ····· 125
8.4 無軸運動指令 ······························· 128
8.4.1 切削的主軸速度······················· 128
8.4.2 換刀指令 ······························· 129
8.4.3 順序號
·································· 129
8.4.4 程序停止指令·························· 129
8.4.5 安全啟動、主軸啟動和
換刀
/刀具偏置指令的總結(jié) ········ 129
8.5 加工操作 ····································· 130
8.5.1 冷卻劑
M代碼 ························ 130
8.5.2 端面車削 ······························· 130
8.5.3 鉆孔操作 ······························· 130
8.5.4 直線車削 ······························· 131
8.5.5 帶錐度車削
···························· 134
8.5.6 仿形車削 ······························· 134
8.5.7 粗加工
·································· 134
8.5.8 精加工
·································· 136
8.6 固定循環(huán) ····································· 136
8.6.1 孔加工固定循環(huán)······················· 136
8.6.2 攻螺紋固定循環(huán)······················· 138
8.6.3 粗車和精車固定循環(huán) ················· 140
8.6.4 車螺紋固定循環(huán)······················· 140
8.6.5 刀尖半徑補(bǔ)償·························· 143
第 9章 數(shù)控車削的設(shè)置與操作 ········ 148
9.1 機(jī)床控制面板 ······························· 149
9.2 工件夾緊設(shè)置 ······························· 150
9.3 機(jī)床坐標(biāo)系和工件坐標(biāo)系 ················ 153
9.4 工件偏移設(shè)置 ······························· 153
9.5 車削的切削刀具 ···························· 155
9.5.1 切削刀具的安裝······················· 155
9.5.2 車削的切削刀具偏位 ················· 155
9.6 車削的程序入口 ···························· 158
9.7 車床的操作 ·································· 158
9.7.1 程序驗證 ······························· 158
9.7.2 自動模式 ······························· 159
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