目錄

第 1章初識(shí) Python ·························································································· 1
1.1認(rèn)識(shí) Python ····························································································· 1
1.1.1 Python初識(shí) ···················································································· 2
1.1.2 Python的特點(diǎn)及應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域 ·································································· 2
1.1.3 Python的學(xué)習(xí)方法 ··········································································· 3
1.2搭建環(huán)境 ································································································· 4
1.2.1 Python下載 ···················································································· 5
1.2.2 Python IDLE開(kāi)發(fā)環(huán)境 ······································································· 7
1.2.3 PyCharm開(kāi)發(fā)環(huán)境 ··········································································· 8
1.2.4 Anaconda3開(kāi)發(fā)環(huán)境 ········································································10
1.3打包發(fā)布 ································································································16
1.3.1 pip包管理工具 ···············································································16
1.3.2 PyInstaller······················································································19
1.4實(shí)訓(xùn) 1：使用環(huán)境搭建 ··············································································22【本章習(xí)題】 ··································································································22
第 2章編程基礎(chǔ) ·····························································································24
2.1認(rèn)識(shí) Python程序和中文編碼 ······································································24
2.2 Python固定語(yǔ)法 ······················································································25
2.2.1 Python代碼塊 ················································································25
2.2.2 Python行處理 ················································································26
2.2.3 Python標(biāo)識(shí)符及保留字 ····································································28
2.3 Python基本輸入輸出 ················································································30
2.3.1用戶輸入 ·······················································································30
2.3.2屏幕輸出 ·······················································································32
2.4 Python變量和數(shù)據(jù)類型 ·············································································33
2.4.1變量和賦值 ····················································································34
基礎(chǔ)教程
2.4.2簡(jiǎn)單數(shù)據(jù)類型 ·················································································35
2.4.3類型轉(zhuǎn)換 ·······················································································40
2.5 Python的對(duì)象和變量 ················································································41
2.5.1對(duì)象的類型與身份 ···········································································42
2.5.2變量引用對(duì)象 ·················································································42
2.5.3共享引用 ·······················································································43
2.6 Python運(yùn)算符 ·························································································45
2.6.1算術(shù)運(yùn)算符 ····················································································45
2.6.2比較運(yùn)算符 ····················································································47
2.6.3賦值運(yùn)算符 ····················································································48
2.6.4位運(yùn)算符 ·······················································································49
2.6.5邏輯運(yùn)算符 ····················································································50
2.6.6成員運(yùn)算符 ····················································································51
2.6.7身份運(yùn)算符 ····················································································52
2.6.8運(yùn)算符優(yōu)先級(jí) ·················································································52
2.7實(shí)訓(xùn) 2：班級(jí)競(jìng)選統(tǒng)計(jì) ··············································································54【本章習(xí)題】 ··································································································56
第 3章控制流程 ·····························································································58
3.1條件語(yǔ)句 ································································································58
3.1.1 if條件語(yǔ)句 ····················································································59
3.1.2實(shí)踐運(yùn)用 ·······················································································62
3.2循環(huán)語(yǔ)句 ································································································63
3.2.1循環(huán)語(yǔ)句概述 ·················································································63
3.2.2 while循環(huán)語(yǔ)句 ···············································································63
3.2.3 for循環(huán)語(yǔ)句 ··················································································65
3.2.4循環(huán)嵌套 ·······················································································66
3.2.5實(shí)踐運(yùn)用 ·······················································································67
3.3其他語(yǔ)句 ································································································67
3.3.1 break語(yǔ)句 ·····················································································68
3.3.2 continue語(yǔ)句··················································································70
3.3.3 pass語(yǔ)句·······················································································71
3.3.4 else語(yǔ)句 ·······················································································71
3.4實(shí)訓(xùn) 3：數(shù)字金字塔 ·················································································73【本章習(xí)題】 ··································································································74
第 4章 Python數(shù)據(jù)類型 ···················································································76
4.1 Python序列操作 ······················································································76
4.2 Python字符串 ·························································································79
4.2.1 Python字符串操作 ··········································································80
目錄
4.2.2字符串格式化輸出 ···········································································83
4.2.3三引號(hào) ··························································································85
4.2.4字符串函數(shù) ····················································································86
4.3 Python列表 ····························································································95
4.3.1列表概述 ·······················································································96
4.3.2列表操作 ·······················································································96
4.3.3列表函數(shù) ····················································································· 100
4.4 Python元組 ·························································································· 104
4.4.1元組概述 ····················································································· 104
4.4.2元組操作 ····················································································· 105
4.4.3元組函數(shù) ····················································································· 108
4.5 Python字典 ·························································································· 109
4.5.1字典概述 ····················································································· 110
4.5.2字典操作 ······················································································111
4.5.3字典函數(shù) ····················································································· 116
4.6 Python集合 ·························································································· 122
4.6.1集合概述 ····················································································· 122
4.6.2集合操作 ····················································································· 123
4.6.3集合函數(shù) ····················································································· 126
4.7對(duì)象的淺復(fù)制與深復(fù)制 ··········································································· 127
4.7.1淺復(fù)制 ························································································ 128
4.7.2深復(fù)制 ························································································ 129
4.8推導(dǎo)式 ································································································· 129
4.8.1列表推導(dǎo)式 ·················································································· 130
4.8.2字典推導(dǎo)式 ·················································································· 131
4.8.3集合推導(dǎo)式 ·················································································· 132
4.9實(shí)訓(xùn) 4：創(chuàng)建學(xué)生信息管理系統(tǒng)用戶數(shù)據(jù) ···················································· 132【本章習(xí)題】 ································································································ 133
第 5章代碼復(fù)用 —函數(shù) ···············································································136
5.1 Python函數(shù) ·························································································· 136
5.1.1函數(shù)概念 ····················································································· 137
5.1.2函數(shù)定義 ····················································································· 137
5.1.3函數(shù)調(diào)用 ····················································································· 138
5.1.4函數(shù)的嵌套定義 ············································································ 139
5.2 Python函數(shù)參數(shù) ···················································································· 140
5.2.1參數(shù)··························································································· 140
5.2.2參數(shù)傳遞 ····················································································· 143
5.2.3函數(shù)返回值 ·················································································· 144
5.3 Python全局變量與局部變量 ····································································· 144
基礎(chǔ)教程
5.3.1變量作用域 ·················································································· 145
5.3.2全局變量和局部變量 ······································································ 145
5.3.3 global語(yǔ)句 ·················································································· 146
5.3.4 nonlocal語(yǔ)句················································································ 147
5.4 Python匿名函數(shù) ···················································································· 148 5.5實(shí)訓(xùn) 5：使用函數(shù)編寫學(xué)生信息管理系統(tǒng) ···················································· 149【本章習(xí)題】 ································································································ 152
第 6章代碼復(fù)用 —模塊 ···············································································154
6.1模塊概述 ······························································································ 154
6.2模塊的使用 ··························································································· 155
6.2.1模塊導(dǎo)入 ····················································································· 156
6.2.2模塊定位查找 ··············································································· 158
6.2.3自定義模塊調(diào)用 ············································································ 159
6.3 Python中的包 ······················································································· 160
6.3.1包的概念 ····················································································· 160
6.3.2包使用實(shí)例 ·················································································· 161
6.4常用模塊介紹 ······················································································· 162
6.4.1時(shí)間與日期 ·················································································· 163
6.4.2 math庫(kù)······················································································· 166
6.4.3 json模塊····················································································· 168
6.5實(shí)訓(xùn) 6：使用模塊編寫學(xué)生信息管理系統(tǒng) ···················································· 170【本章習(xí)題】 ································································································ 173
第 7章 Python面向?qū)ο?·················································································175
7.1面向?qū)ο缶幊毯?jiǎn)介 ················································································· 175
7.2類和對(duì)象 ······························································································ 177
7.2.1類的創(chuàng)建 ····················································································· 177
7.2.2實(shí)例對(duì)象 ····················································································· 179
7.2.3類的方法 ····················································································· 179
7.3類的繼承 ······························································································ 182
7.4類的方法重寫 ······················································································· 184
7.4.1方法重寫 ····················································································· 185
7.4.2運(yùn)算符重載 ·················································································· 186
7.5實(shí)訓(xùn) 7：使用類編寫學(xué)生信息管理系統(tǒng) ······················································· 187【本章習(xí)題】 ································································································ 190
第 8章文件處理 ···························································································192
8.1打開(kāi)和關(guān)閉文件 ···················································································· 192
8.2文件讀寫 ······························································································ 196
目錄
8.3重命名和刪除文件 ················································································· 199
8.3.1 os模塊 ······················································································· 199
8.3.2重命名和刪除文件操作 ··································································· 202
8.4 Python文件夾操作 ················································································· 203
8.5 csv文件操作 ························································································· 204
8.5.1 csv數(shù)據(jù)······················································································ 205
8.5.2讀取 csv數(shù)據(jù)··············································································· 205
8.5.3寫入.csv文件··············································································· 208
8.6實(shí)訓(xùn) 8：基于文件的學(xué)生信息管理系統(tǒng) ······················································· 209【本章習(xí)題】 ································································································ 212
第 9章異常處理 ···························································································214
9.1異�！ぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁ� 214
9.1.1異常概述··························································································· 215
9.1.2異常的檢測(cè)與處理 ········································································· 217
9.2拋出異常 ······························································································ 221
9.2.1拋出異常處理 ··············································································· 221
9.2.2用戶自定義異常 ············································································ 224
9.3 with語(yǔ)句 ····························································································· 225 9.4實(shí)訓(xùn) 9：實(shí)現(xiàn)異常處理的學(xué)生信息管理系統(tǒng) ················································· 226【本章習(xí)題】 ································································································ 231
第 10章 MySQL數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)操作 ············································································233
10.1訪問(wèn) MySQL數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)·············································································· 234
10.1.1 pymysql模塊安裝········································································ 234
10.1.2事務(wù)機(jī)制 ··················································································· 234
10.1.3 Python操作數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)過(guò)程及對(duì)象 ························································ 235
10.2數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)操作 ························································································· 236
10.2.1連接 MySQL數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)····································································· 236
10.2.2創(chuàng)建數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)表 ············································································· 237
10.2.3數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)讀寫 ················································································ 239
10.3實(shí)訓(xùn) 10：基于 MySQL數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)的學(xué)生信息管理系統(tǒng) ······································ 243【本章習(xí)題】 ································································································ 247
第 11章計(jì)算生態(tài) ··························································································249
11.1 Turtle標(biāo)準(zhǔn)庫(kù) ······················································································· 249
11.1.1 Turtle基礎(chǔ) ················································································· 250
11.1.2 Turtle繪圖命令 ··········································································· 251
11.1.3 Turtle命令操作 ··········································································· 252
11.2 random標(biāo)準(zhǔn)庫(kù) ····················································································· 254
Python基礎(chǔ)教程
11.2.1 random庫(kù)介紹 ············································································ 255
11.2.2 random庫(kù)常用函數(shù) ······································································ 255
11.3 jieba第三方庫(kù) ······················································································ 257
11.3.1 jieba庫(kù)簡(jiǎn)介 ················································································ 258
11.3.2 jieba庫(kù)的安裝 ············································································· 258
11.3.3 jieba分詞應(yīng)用 ············································································· 259
11.3.4 jieba單詞統(tǒng)計(jì) ············································································· 259
11.4 wordcloud第三方庫(kù) ·············································································· 260
11.4.1 wordcloud庫(kù)安裝 ········································································· 261
11.4.2 wordcloud基本使用 ······································································ 261
11.5實(shí)訓(xùn) 11：運(yùn)行的時(shí)鐘 ············································································ 265【本章習(xí)題】 ································································································ 267
附錄全國(guó)計(jì)算機(jī)等級(jí)考試二級(jí) Python語(yǔ)言程序設(shè)計(jì)考試大綱（ 2018年版） ·············269