Contents


導(dǎo) 讀 潘鳴威 iii
Abbreviations xv
Series Editors’ note xviii
Acknowledgements xxiii


1　Introduction 1
2　Test-taker characteristics 20
3　Cognitive validity 39
4　Context validity 73
5　Scoring validity 164
6　Consequential validity 252
7　Criterion-related validity 265
8　Conclusions and recommendations 279


Appendices 298
Appendix A：　Sample Writing tasks from Main Suite examinations 298
Appendix B：　Candidate Information Sheet 312
Appendix C：　Revised method of assessment for IELTS Writing 314
Appendix D：　 Current Cambridge ESOL rating procedures and
marking models 315
Appendix E：　 Standard procedures for the production of
Writing examination materials 325
Appendix F：　 Minimum Professional Requirements for
examiners of ESOL Writing tests 331
Appendix G：　 Computer-based (CB) exam versions： Issues and
directions 336
Appendix H：　 Electronic Script Management in Cambridge ESOL：
Issues and directions 343
References 360
Subject index 383