Preface to the third edition
List of symbols
Chart of the International Phonetic Alphabet
How to use this book
1 Introduction
2 The production of speech sounds
2.1 Articulators above the larynx
2.2 Vowel and consonant
2.3 English short vowels


3 Long vowels， diphthongs and triphthongs
3.1 Long and short vowels
3.2 Diphthongs
3.3 Triphthongs


4 Voicing and consonants
4.1 The larynx
4.2 Respiration and voicing
4.3 Plosives
4.4 English plosives
4.5 Fortis and lenis


5 The phoneme
5.1 The phoneme
5.2 Symbols and transcription
5.3 Phonology


6 Fricatives and affricates
6.1 Production of fricatives and affricates
6.2 The fricatives of English
6.3 The affricates
6.4 Fortis consonants


7 Nasals and other consonants
7.1 Nasals
7.2 The consonant 1
7.3 The consonant r
7.4 The consonants j and w


8 The syllable
8.1 The nature of the syllable
8.2 The structure of the English syllable
8.3 Syllable division
8.4 Practical conclusions


9 Strong and weak syllables
9.1 Strong and weak
9.2 The e vowel ("schwa")
9.3 Close front and close back vowels
9.4 Syllabic consonants


10 Stress in simple words
10.1 The nature of stress
10.2 Levels of stress
10.3 Placement of stress within the word


11 Complex word stress
11.1 Complex words
11.2 Suffixes
11.3 Prefaxes
11.4 Compound words
11.5 Variable stress
11.6 Word-class pairs


12 Weak forms


13 Problems in phonemic analysis
13.1 Affricates
13.2 The English vowel system
13.3 Syllabic consonants
13.4 Clusters of s plus plosives
13.5 Schwa (e)
13.6 Distinctive features
13.7 Conclusion


14 Aspects of connected speech
14.1 Rhythm
14.2 Assimilation
14.3 Elision
14.4 Linking


15 Intonation 1
15.1 Form and function in intonation
15.2 Tone and tone languages
15.3 Complex tones and pitch height
15.4 Some functions of English tones


16 Intonation 2
16.1 The tone-unit
16.2 The structure of the tone-unit
16.3 Pitch possibilities in the simple tone-unit


17 Intonation 3
17.1 Fall-rise and rise-fall tones followed by a tail
17.2 High and low heads
17.3 Problems in analysing the form of intonation
17.4 Autosegmental treatment of intonation


18 Functions of intonation 1
18.1 The attitudinal function of intonation


19 Functions of intonation 2
19.1 The accentual function of intonation
19.2 The grammatical function of intonation
19.3 The discourse function of intonation
19.4 Conclusions


20 Further areas of study in phonetics and phonology
20.1 Laboratory phonetics
20.2 The study of variety
Recorded exercises
Unit 2： English short vowels
Unit 3： Long vowels， diphthongs and triphthongs
Unit 4： Plosives
Unit 5： Revision
Unit 6： Fricatives and affricat