前言
第1章 Spring Cloud+Nginx 高并發(fā)核心編程的學(xué)習(xí)準備 ........................ 1
1.1 Spring Cloud+Nginx架構(gòu)的主要組件 ......................................... 1
1.2 Spring Cloud和Spring Boot的版本選擇 .............................................. 3
1.3 Spring Cloud微服務(wù)開發(fā)所涉及的中間件..................................... 4
1.4 Spring Cloud微服務(wù)開發(fā)和自驗證環(huán)境 .................................................... 6
1.4.1 開發(fā)和自驗證環(huán)境的系統(tǒng)選項和環(huán)境變量配置.......................................... 6
1.4.2 使用Fiddler工具抓包和查看報文....................................................... 7
1.5 crazy-springcloud微服務(wù)開發(fā)腳手........................................................ 9
1.6 以秒殺作為Spring Cloud+Nginx的實戰(zhàn)案例 ............................................. 10
第2章 Spring Cloud入門實戰(zhàn) ...................................................... 12
2.1 Eureka服務(wù)注冊與發(fā)現(xiàn) .................................................... 13
2.1.1 什么是服務(wù)注冊與發(fā)現(xiàn) ......................................................... 13
2.1.2 Eureka Server注冊中心 ......................................................... 14
2.1.3 服務(wù)提供者的創(chuàng)建和配置 ......................................................... 19
2.1.4 服務(wù)提供者的續(xù)約（心跳） ....................................................... 22
2.1.5 服務(wù)提供者的健康狀態(tài) ............................................................ 24
2.1.6 Eureka自我保護模式與失效Provider的快速剔除 .................................... 28
2.2 Config配置中心 ............................................................... 32
2.2.1 config-server服務(wù)端組件 .......................................................... 32
2.2.2 config-client客戶端組件 .......................................................... 35
2.3 微服務(wù)的RPC遠程調(diào)用 ................................................................ 36
2.3.1 RESTful風(fēng)格簡介 ....................................................... 36
2.3.2 RestTemplate遠程調(diào)用 ............................................................ 37
2.3.3 Feign遠程調(diào)用 ................................................................... 38
2.4 Feign+Ribbon實現(xiàn)客戶端負載均衡 .................................................... 40
2.4.1 Spring Cloud Ribbon基礎(chǔ) ......................................................... 41
2.4.2 Spring Cloud Ribbon的負載均衡策略 ............................................... 43
2.4.3 Spring Cloud Ribbon的常用配置 ................................................... 45
2.5 Feign+Hystrix實現(xiàn)RPC調(diào)用保護 ...................................................... 50
2.5.1 Spring Cloud Hystrix失敗回退 ..................................................... 51
2.5.2 分布式系統(tǒng)面臨的雪崩難題 ........................................................ 55
2.5.3 Spring Cloud Hystrix熔斷器 ...................................................... 56
第3章 Spring Cloud RPC遠程調(diào)用核心原理 .................................................. 61
3.1 代理模式與RPC客戶端實現(xiàn)類 ............................................................ 61
3.1.1 客戶端RPC遠程調(diào)用實現(xiàn)類的職責(zé) ................................................. 61
3.1.2 簡單的RPC客戶端實現(xiàn)類 ........................................................ 63
3.1.3 從基礎(chǔ)原理講起：代理模式與RPC客戶端實現(xiàn)類 ......................................... 67
3.1.4 使用動態(tài)代理模式實現(xiàn)RPC客戶端類 ............................................. 70
3.1.5 JDK動態(tài)代理機制的原理 ........................................ 74
3.2 模擬Feign RPC動態(tài)代理的實現(xiàn) ....................................................... 77
3.2.1 模擬Feign的方法處理器MethodHandler ................................................. 78
3.2.2 模擬Feign的調(diào)用處理器InvocationHandler ...................................... 80
3.2.3 模擬Feign的動態(tài)代理RPC的執(zhí)行流程 ................................................. 83
3.2.4 模擬動態(tài)代理RPC遠程調(diào)用的測試 .................................................. 83
3.2.5 Feign彈性RPC客戶端實現(xiàn)類 ....................................................... 85
3.3 Feign彈性RPC客戶端的重要組件 ................................................... 86
3.3.1 演示用例說明 ................................................................. 86
3.3.2 Feign的動態(tài)代理RPC客戶端實例 .................................................... 88
3.3.3 Feign的調(diào)用處理器InvocationHandler .......................................... 89
3.3.4 Feign的方法處理器MethodHandler ............................................... 91
3.3.5 Feign的客戶端組件 ........................................................... 94
3.4 Feign的RPC動態(tài)代理實例的創(chuàng)建流程 ........................................ 97
3.4.1 Feign的整體運作流程 ............................................................. 98
3.4.2 RPC動態(tài)代理容器實例的FactoryBean工廠類 .......................................... 99
3.4.3 Feign.Builder建造者容器實例 ...................................................... 102
3.4.4 默認的RPC動態(tài)代理實例的創(chuàng)建流程 ................................................. 105
3.4.5 Contract遠程調(diào)用協(xié)議規(guī)則類 .................................................. 108
3.5 Feign遠程調(diào)用的執(zhí)行流程 ............................................................ 110
3.5.1 與FeignInvocationHandler相關(guān)的遠程調(diào)用執(zhí)行流程 ................................... 110
3.5.2 與HystrixInvocationHandler相關(guān)的遠程調(diào)用執(zhí)行流程 ................................. 111
3.5.3 Feign遠程調(diào)用的完整流程及其特性 ............................................. 114
3.6 HystrixFeign動態(tài)代理實例的創(chuàng)建流程 ............................................ 115
3.6.1 HystrixFeign.Builder建造者容器實例 .......................................... 115
3.6.2 配置HystrixFeign.Builder建造者容器實例 ...................................... 116
3.7 feign.Client客戶端容器實例 ................................................... 117
3.7.1 裝配LoadBalancerFeignClient負載均衡容器實例 ................................ 117
3.7.2 裝配ApacheHttpClient負載均衡容器實例 .......................................... 119
3.7.3 裝配OkHttpClient負載均衡容器實例 ............................................... 121
3.7.4 裝配Client.Default負載均衡容器實例 ................................ 122
第4章 RxJava響應(yīng)式編程框架 ........................................................ 124
4.1 從基礎(chǔ)原理講起：觀察者模式 ...................................................... 124
4.1.1 觀察者模式的基礎(chǔ)原理 ......................................................... 124
4.1.2 觀察者模式的經(jīng)典實現(xiàn) ....................................................... 125
4.1.3 RxJava中的觀察者模式 ....................................................... 127
4.1.4 RxJava的不完整回調(diào).......................................................... 130
4.1.5 RxJava的函數(shù)式編程....................................................... 132
4.1.6 RxJava的操作符............................................................ 134
4.2 創(chuàng)建型操作符 ................................................................... 134
4.2.1 just操作符 ............................................................... 135
4.2.2 from操作符 .............................................................. 135
4.2.3 range操作符 ............................................................. 136
4.2.4 interval操作符 .............................................................. 137
4.2.5 defer操作符 .......................................................... 138
4.3 過濾型操作符 ............................................................... 139
4.3.1 filter操作符 ............................................................ 139
4.3.2 distinct操作符 .......................................................... 140
4.4 轉(zhuǎn)換型操作符 ............................................................... 141
4.4.1 map操作符 ................................................................ 141
4.4.2 flatMap操作符 ............................................................ 142
4.4.3 scan操作符 ................................................... 144
4.5 聚合操作符 ..............................................................146
4.5.1 count操作符 .................................................... 146
4.5.2 reduce操作符 ......................................................... 147
4.6 其他操作符 .................................................................. 149
4.6.1 take操作符 ............................................................. 149
4.6.2 window操作符 .................................................................. 150
4.7 RxJava的Scheduler調(diào)度器................................................. 153
4.8 背壓 ........................................................................ 155
4.8.1 什么是背壓問題 ............................................................... 155
4.8.2 背壓問題的幾種應(yīng)對模式 ...................................................... 158
第5章 Hystrix RPC保護的原理 ....................................................... 162
5.1 RPC保護的目標 ................................................................. 162
5.2 HystrixCommand簡介 ............................................................ 162
5.2.1 HystrixCommand的使用 ........................................................ 163
5.2.2 HystrixCommand的配置內(nèi)容和方式 .............................................. 166
5.3 HystrixCommand命令的執(zhí)行方法 ................................................. 168
5.3.1 execute()方法 ................................................................ 168
5.3.2 queue()方法 .................................................................. 170
5.3.3 observe()方法 ........................................................... 172
5.3.4 toObservable()方法 ............................................................. 173
5.3.5 HystrixCommand的執(zhí)行方法之間的關(guān)系 ............................................. 175
5.4 RPC保護之艙壁模式 ............................................................... 176
5.4.1 什么是艙壁模式 ................................................................. 176
5.4.2 Hystrix線程池隔離 .............................................................. 178
5.4.3 Hystrix線程池隔離配置 .......................................................... 182
5.4.4 Hystrix信號量隔離 .............................................................. 184
5.5 RPC保護之熔斷器模式 .............................................................. 188
5.5.1 熔斷器狀態(tài)變化的演示實例 ....................................................... 189
5.5.2 熔斷器和滑動窗口的配置屬性 ..................................................... 193
5.5.3 Hystrix命令的執(zhí)行流程 .......................................................... 198
5.6 RPC監(jiān)控之滑動窗口的實現(xiàn)原理 ...................................................... 199
5.6.1 Hystrix健康統(tǒng)計滑動窗口的模擬實現(xiàn)............................................... 200
5.6.2 Hystrix滑動窗口的核心實現(xiàn)原理 ................................................ 205
第6章 微服務(wù)網(wǎng)關(guān)與用戶身份識別 ....................................................... 210
6.1 Zuul的基礎(chǔ)使用 .................................................................. 211
6.2 創(chuàng)建Zuul網(wǎng)關(guān)服務(wù) .............................................................. 211
6.2.1 Zuul路由規(guī)則配置 ............................................................ 212
6.2.2 過濾敏感請求頭部 ............................................................ 214
6.2.3 路徑前綴的處理 .............................................................. 215
6.3 Zuul過濾器 .................................................................... 216
6.3.1 Zuul網(wǎng)關(guān)的過濾器類型 ....................................................... 216
6.3.2 實戰(zhàn)：用戶的黑名單過濾 ..................................................... 217
6.4 Spring Security原理和實戰(zhàn) ..................................................... 221
6.4.1 Spring Security核心組件 ..................................................... 221
6.4.2 Spring Security的請求認證處理流程 ........................................... 224
6.4.3 基于數(shù)據(jù)源的認證流程 ........................................................ 231
6.5 JWT+Spring Security進行網(wǎng)關(guān)安全認證 .............................................. 237
6.5.1 JWT安全令牌規(guī)范詳解 ........................................................... 238
6.5.2 JWT+Spring Security認證處理流程 .......................................... 243
6.5.3 Zuul網(wǎng)關(guān)與UAA微服務(wù)的配合 ................................................ 250
6.5.4 使用Zuul過濾器添加代理請求的用戶標識 ................................................... 254
6.6 服務(wù)提供者之間的會話共享關(guān)系 .................................................... 256
6.6.1 分布式Session的起源和實現(xiàn)方案 ......................................... 257
6.6.2 Spring Session的核心組件和存儲細節(jié) .............................................. 258
6.6.3 Spring Session的使用和定制..................................................... 259
6.6.4 通過用戶身份標識查找Session ID ..................................... 261
6.6.5 查找或創(chuàng)建分布式Session ....................................................... 263
6.6.6 加載高速訪問數(shù)據(jù)到分布式Session ......................................... 265
第7章 Nginx/OpenResty詳解 ...................................................... 268
7.1 Nginx簡介 ...................................................................... 268
7.1.1 正向代理與反向代理 ................................................... 269
7.1.2 Nginx的啟動與停止 ......................................................... 270
7.1.3 Nginx的啟動命令和參數(shù)詳解 .................................................. 271
7.1.4 Linux下OpenResty的啟動、停止腳本 ................................................. 271
7.1.5 Windows下OpenResty的啟動、停止腳本 ............................................... 273
7.2 Nginx的核心原理 ............................................................. 274
7.2.1 Reactor模型 ........................................................... 274
7.2.2 Nginx的兩類進程 ..................................................................... 275
7.2.3 Nginx的模塊化設(shè)計 ............................................................. 276
7.2.4 Nginx配置文件上下文結(jié)構(gòu) ....................................................... 278
7.2.5 Nginx的請求處理流程 ................................................... 280
7.2.6 HTTP請求處理的11個階段 ................................................. 281
7.3 Nginx的基礎(chǔ)配置 ......................................................... 286
7.3.1 events事件驅(qū)動配置 ................................................. 286
7.3.2 虛擬主機配置 .............................................................. 287
7.3.3 錯誤頁面配置 ........................................................... 289
7.3.4 長連接相關(guān)配置 ............................................................. 290
7.3.5 訪問日志配置 .................................................... 290
7.3.6 Nginx核心模塊內(nèi)置變量 ........................................... 291
7.4 location路由規(guī)則配置詳解 ................................................... 293
7.4.1 location語法詳解 ....................................................... 293
7.4.2 常用的location路由配置 ................................................... 296
7.5 Nginx的rewrite模塊指令 .......................................................... 297
7.5.1 set指令 .................................................................. 298
7.5.2 rewrite指令 ............................................................... 298
7.5.3 if條件指令 ............................................................ 301
7.5.4 add_header指令 ............................................................... 303
7.5.5 指令的執(zhí)行順序 ........................................................... 304
7.6 反向代理與負載均衡配置 ............................................... 305
7.6.1 演示環(huán)境說明 ................................................. 305
7.6.2 proxy_pass反向代理指令 ............................................... 306
7.6.3 proxy_set_header請求頭設(shè)置指令 ................................... 308
7.6.4 upstream上游服務(wù)器組 ......................................................... 309
7.6.5 upstream的上游服務(wù)器配置 ........................................... 311
7.6.6 upstream的負載分配方式 .................................................... 313
第8章 Nginx Lua編程 ............................................................ 315
8.1 Nginx Lua編程的主要應(yīng)用場景 ................................................ 315
8.2 Nginx Lua編程簡介 ....................................................... 315
8.2.1 ngx_lua簡介 ....................................................... 315
8.2.2 Nginx Lua項目的創(chuàng)建 .................................................... 316
8.2.3 Lua項目的工程結(jié)構(gòu) ....................................................... 317
8.2.4 Lua項目的啟動 .......................................................... 318
8.3 Lua開發(fā)基礎(chǔ) .............................................................. 319
8.3.1 Lua模塊的定義和使用 ........................................................... 319
8.3.2 Lua模塊的使用 ................................................................. 320
8.3.3 Lua的數(shù)據(jù)類型 ................................................................. 322
8.3.4 Lua的字符串 ................................................................. 325
8.3.5 Lua的數(shù)組容器 ............................................................. 326
8.3.6 Lua的控制結(jié)構(gòu) ...................................................... 328
8.3.7 Lua的函數(shù)定義 ............................................................ 331
8.3.8 Lua的面向?qū)ο缶幊?........................................................ 332
8.4 Nginx Lua編程基礎(chǔ) ............................................................ 333
8.4.1 Nginx Lua的執(zhí)行原理 ................................................. 334
8.4.2 Nginx Lua的配置指令 ...................................................... 335
8.4.3 Nginx Lua的內(nèi)置常量和變量 .............................................. 339
8.5 Nginx Lua編程實例 ........................................................... 341
8.5.1 Lua腳本獲取URL中的參數(shù) ....................................................... 341
8.5.2 Nginx Lua的內(nèi)置方法 ..................................................... 342
8.5.3 通過ngx.header設(shè)置HTTP響應(yīng)頭 ........................................ 344
8.5.4 Lua訪問Nginx變量 .......................................................... 347
8.5.5 Lua訪問請求上下文變量 ..................................................... 349
8.6 重定向與內(nèi)部子請求 ................................................................ 350
8.6.1 Nginx Lua內(nèi)部重定向 ........................................................ 350
8.6.2 Nginx Lua外部重定向 ..................................................... 352
8.6.3 ngx.location.capture子請求 .............................................. 355
8.6.4 ngx.location.capture_multi并發(fā)子請求 .......................................359
8.7 Nginx Lua操作Redis .......................................................... 361
8.7.1 Redis的CRUD基本操作 ......................................................... 361
8.7.2 實戰(zhàn)：封裝一個操作Redis的基礎(chǔ)類 ............................................. 364
8.7.3 在Lua中使用Redis連接池 .......................................................... 367
8.8 Nginx Lua編程實戰(zhàn)案例 ............................................................... 369
8.8.1 Nginx+Redis進行分布式訪問統(tǒng)計 .................................................... 369
8.8.2 Nginx+Redis+Java容器實現(xiàn)高并發(fā)訪問 ............................................. 370
8.8.3 Nginx+Redis實現(xiàn)黑名單攔截 ...................................................... 375
8.8.4 使用Nginx Lua共享內(nèi)存 ........................................................ 378
第9章 限流原理與實戰(zhàn) ................................................................. 380
9.1 限流策略原理與參考實現(xiàn) ................................................... 380
9.1.1 3種限流策略：計數(shù)器、漏桶和令牌桶 ........................................... 380
9.1.2 計數(shù)器限流原理和Java參考實現(xiàn) ................................................ 381
9.1.3 漏桶限流原理和Java參考實現(xiàn) .................................................. 384
9.1.4 令牌桶限流原理和Java參考實現(xiàn) ................................................ 386
9.2 分布式計數(shù)器限流 .............................................................. 390
9.2.1 實戰(zhàn)：Nginx Lua分布式計數(shù)器限流 ............................................. 390
9.2.2 實戰(zhàn)：Redis Lua分布式計數(shù)器限流 ........................................... 394
9.3 Nginx漏桶限流詳解 .................................................. 397
9.4 實戰(zhàn)：分布式令牌桶限流 ....................................................... 399
9.4.1 分布式令牌桶限流Lua腳本 .................................................... 399
9.4.2 Java分布式令牌桶限流 .................................................... 402
9.4.3 Java分布式令牌桶限流的自驗證 ......................................... 406
第10章 Spring Cloud+Nginx秒殺實戰(zhàn) ............................................. 409
10.1 秒殺系統(tǒng)的業(yè)務(wù)功能和技術(shù)難點 ............................................. 409
10.1.1 秒殺系統(tǒng)的業(yè)務(wù)功能 ............................................ 409
10.1.2 秒殺系統(tǒng)面臨的技術(shù)難題 ............................................... 410
10.2 秒殺系統(tǒng)的系統(tǒng)架構(gòu) ................................................. 411
10.2.1 秒殺的分層架構(gòu) ..................................................... 411
10.2.2 秒殺的限流架構(gòu) ..................................................... 413
10.2.3 秒殺的分布式鎖架構(gòu) ................................................. 414
10.2.4 秒殺的削峰架構(gòu) ................................................... 415
10.3 秒殺業(yè)務(wù)的參考實現(xiàn) .............................................. 416
10.3.1 秒殺的功能模塊和接口設(shè)計 ........................................... 416
10.3.2 數(shù)據(jù)表和PO實體類設(shè)計 .................................................... 420
10.3.3 使用分布式ID生成器 ...................................................... 423
10.3.4 秒殺的控制層設(shè)計 ....................................................... 424
10.3.5 service層邏輯：獲取秒殺令牌 ........................................... 426
10.3.6 service層邏輯：執(zhí)行秒殺下單 ........................................... 429
10.3.7 秒殺的Lua腳本設(shè)計 ................................................... 434
10.3.8 BusinessException定義 ................................................... 436
10.4 Zuul內(nèi)部網(wǎng)關(guān)實現(xiàn)秒殺限流 ......................................... 439
10.5 Nginx高性能秒殺和限流 ...................................... 444
10.5.1 Lua腳本：獲取秒殺令牌 ................................................. 445
10.5.2 Lua腳本：執(zhí)行令牌桶限流 ........................................... 448