This book is intended to serve as a textbook for a course in algebraic topology at the beginning graduate level. The main topics covered are the classification of compact 2-manifolds, the fundamental group, covering spaces, singular homology theory, and singular cohomology theory (including cup products and the duality theorems of Poincare and Alexander). It consists of material from the first five chapters of the author's earlier book Algebraic Topology: An Introduction (GTM 56) together with almost all of his book Singular Homology Theory (GTM 70). This material from the two earlier books has been revised, corrected, and brought up to date. There is enough here for a full-year course.
The author has tried to give a straightforward treatment of the subject matter, stripped of all unnecessary definitions, terminology, and technical machinery. He has also tried, wherever feasible, to emphasize the geometric motivation behind the various concepts. Several applications of the methods of algebraic topology to concrete geometrical-topological problems are given (e.g., Brouwer fixed point theorem, Brouwer-Jordan separation theorem, lnvariance of Domain. Borsuk-Ulam theoremS.
Preface
Notation and Terminology
CHAPTER Ⅰ
Two-Dimensional Manifolds
1. Introduction
2. Definition and Examples of n-Manifolds
3. Orientable vs. Nonorientable Manifolds
4. Examples of Compact, Connected 2-Manifolds
5. Statement of the Classification Theorem for Compact Surfaces
6. Triangulations of Compact Surfaces
7. Proof of Theorem 5.1
8. The Euler Characteristic of a Surface
References
CHAPTER Ⅱ The Fundamental Group
1. Introduction
2. Basic Notation and Terminology
3. Definition of the Fundamental Group of a Space
4. The Effect of a Continuous Mapping on the Fundamental Group
5. The Fundamental Group of a Circle IS Infinite Cyclic
6. Application: The Brouwer Fixed-Point Theorem in Dimension 2
7. The Fundamental Group of a Product Space
8. Homotopy Type and Homotopy Equivalence of Spaces
References
CHAPTER Ⅲ Free Groups and Free Products of Groups
1. Introduction
2. The Weak Product of Abelian Groups
3. Free Abelian Groups
4. Free Products of Groups
5. Free Groups
6. The Presentation of Groups by Generators and Relations
7. Universal Mapping Problems
References
CHAPTER Ⅳ Seifert and Van Kampen Theorem on the Fundamental Group of the Union of Two Spaces. Applications
1. Introduction
2. Statement and Proof of the Theorem of Seifert and Van Kampen
3. First Application of Theorem 2.1
4. Second Application of Theorem 2.1
5. Structure of the Fundamental Group of a Compact Surface
6. Application to Knot Theory
7. Proof of Lemma 2.4
References
CHAPTER Ⅴ Covering Spaces
1. Introduction
2. Definition and Some Examples of Covering Spaces
3. Lifting of Paths to a Covering Space
4. The Fundamental Group of a Covering Space
5. Lifting of Arbitrary Maps to a Covering Space
6. Homomorphisms and Automorphisms of Covering Spaces
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