Acknowledgements
Series Editors' note
From the Editor of this volume
Waldemar Martyniuk
Introduction： The Manual for Relating language examinations
to the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages
in the context of the Council of Europe's work on language education
Brian North， Waldemar Martyniuk and Johanna Panthier
The Cambridge Colloquium on using the preliminary pilot version
of the Manual， December 2007 - summary of discussion
Lynda Taylor

Section One Linking single tests to the CEFR
1 The City & Guilds Communicator examination linking project a brief overview with reflections on the process Barry O'Sullivan
2 Putting the Manual to the test： the TestDaF-CEFR linking project Gabriele Kecker and Thomas Eckes
3 Maintaining alignment to the CEFR： the FCE case study Hanan Khalifa， Angela ffrench and A ngeliki Salamoura
4 Benchmarking a high-stakes proficiency exam： the COPE linking project Elif Kantarctolu， Carole Thomas， John O'Dwyer and Barry O'Sullivan
5 Mapping the Advanced Level Certificate in English （ALCE） examination onto the CEFR Nigel Downey and Charalambos Kollias

Section Two Linking a suite of exams to the CEFR 6Relating language examinations to the CEFR： ECL as a case study Gabor Szabo
7 Linking international examinations to the CEFR： the Trinity College London experience Spiros Papageorgiou
8 Linking the CILS examinations to the CEFR： the A1 speaking test Monica Barni， Anna Maria Scaglioso and Sabrina Machetti
9 Linking the general English suite of Euro Examinations to the CEFR： a case study report Gergely A David
10Relating the GEPT reading comprehension tests to the CEFR Jessica Wu and Rachel Wu

Section Three Large-scale multilingual assessment frameworks at national level
11 Asset Languages： a case study of piloting the CEFR Manual Neil Jones， Karen Ashton and Tamsin Walker12Mapping the Dutch foreign language state examinations onto the CEFR
Jose Noijons and Henk Kuijper
Notes on the volume contributors