第1 章 初識(shí)MATLAB ····································································································.1
1.1 MATLAB 的工作環(huán)境 ······························································································.2
1.1.1 操作界面 ·····································································································.2
1.1.2 當(dāng)前文件夾窗口 ····························································································.2
1.1.3 命令行窗口 ··································································································.3
1.1.4 工作區(qū)窗口 ··································································································.5
1.2 通用命令 ··············································································································.6
1.2.1 常用命令 ·····································································································.6
1.2.2 快捷鍵 ········································································································.6
1.2.3 標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)的含義 ····························································································.7
1.3 搜索路徑設(shè)置 ········································································································.7
1.4 MATLAB 的幫助系統(tǒng) ······························································································.9
1.4.1 使用幫助命令 ·······························································································.9
1.4.2 幫助導(dǎo)航系統(tǒng) ·····························································································.10
1.4.3 示例程序的幫助系統(tǒng) ····················································································.11
1.5 MATLAB 示例 ·····································································································.11
1.6 本章小結(jié) ············································································································.12
第2 章 基礎(chǔ)知識(shí) ···········································································································.13
2.1 基本概念 ············································································································.14
2.1.1 常量和變量 ································································································.15
2.1.2 數(shù)組、矩陣、標(biāo)量與向量 ··············································································.15
2.1.3 命令與函數(shù) ································································································.16
2.1.4 表達(dá)式與語句 ·····························································································.17
2.2 數(shù)據(jù)類型 ············································································································.17
2.2.1 數(shù)值類型 ···································································································.18
2.2.2 邏輯類型 ···································································································.20
2.2.3 字符和字符串 ·····························································································.20
2.2.4 結(jié)構(gòu)體類型 ································································································.20
2.2.5 單元數(shù)組類型 ·····························································································.23
MATLAB R2020a 入門、精通與實(shí)戰(zhàn)
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2.2.6 函數(shù)句柄 ···································································································.24
2.3 運(yùn)算符 ···············································································································.25
2.3.1 算術(shù)運(yùn)算符 ································································································.25
2.3.2 關(guān)系運(yùn)算符 ································································································.26
2.3.3 邏輯運(yùn)算符 ································································································.27
2.3.4 運(yùn)算優(yōu)先級(jí) ································································································.28
2.4 字符串 ···············································································································.29
2.4.1 字符串的構(gòu)造 ·····························································································.29
2.4.2 字符串的比較 ·····························································································.31
2.4.3 字符串查找和替換函數(shù) ·················································································.32
2.4.4 字符串與數(shù)值的轉(zhuǎn)換 ····················································································.32
2.5 本章小結(jié) ············································································································.33
第3 章 向量與矩陣 ········································································································.34
3.1 向量 ··················································································································.35
3.1.1 創(chuàng)建向量 ···································································································.35
3.1.2 向量的加減乘除運(yùn)算 ····················································································.36
3.1.3 向量的點(diǎn)積和叉積運(yùn)算 ·················································································.37
3.2 矩陣 ··················································································································.38
3.2.1 矩陣的構(gòu)造 ································································································.38
3.2.2 矩陣的拓展與裁剪 ·······················································································.39
3.2.3 矩陣下標(biāo)引用 ·····························································································.42
3.2.4 矩陣信息的獲取 ··························································································.43
3.2.5 矩陣結(jié)構(gòu)的改變 ··························································································.44
3.3 稀疏矩陣 ············································································································.45
3.3.1 創(chuàng)建和查看稀疏矩陣 ····················································································.45
3.3.2 稀疏矩陣的運(yùn)算規(guī)則 ····················································································.46
3.4 本章小結(jié) ············································································································.47
第4 章 矩陣運(yùn)算 ···········································································································.48
4.1 矩陣分析 ············································································································.49
4.1.1 范數(shù) ·········································································································.49
4.1.2 矩陣的秩 ···································································································.50
4.1.3 矩陣的行列式 ·····························································································.50
4.1.4 矩陣的跡 ···································································································.51
4.1.5 矩陣的正交空間 ··························································································.51
4.1.6 矩陣的化零矩陣 ··························································································.51
4.1.7 矩陣的約化行階梯形式 ·················································································.52
目錄
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4.1.8 矩陣空間之間的夾角 ····················································································.52
4.2 線性方程組 ·········································································································.53
4.2.1 線性方程組問題 ··························································································.53
4.2.2 線性方程組的一般解 ····················································································.53
4.2.3 恰定方程組的求解 ·······················································································.54
4.2.4 超定線性方程組的求解 ·················································································.54
4.3 矩陣分解 ············································································································.55
4.3.1 對(duì)稱正定矩陣的Cholesky 分解 ·······································································.55
4.3.2 一般方陣的高斯消元法 ·················································································.56
4.3.3 矩形矩陣的正交分解 ····················································································.57
4.4 矩陣的特征值和特征向量 ·······················································································.58
4.5 非線性矩陣運(yùn)算 ···································································································.59
4.5.1 矩陣指數(shù)運(yùn)算 ·····························································································.59
4.5.2 矩陣對(duì)數(shù)運(yùn)算 ·····························································································.60
4.5.3 矩陣開平方運(yùn)算 ··························································································.60
4.5.4 一般非線性矩陣運(yùn)算 ····················································································.61
4.6 本章小結(jié) ············································································································.61
第5 章 數(shù)學(xué)函數(shù) ···········································································································.62
5.1 初等函數(shù)運(yùn)算 ······································································································.63
5.1.1 三角函數(shù) ···································································································.63
5.1.2 指數(shù)和對(duì)數(shù)函數(shù) ··························································································.64
5.1.3 復(fù)數(shù)函數(shù) ···································································································.65
5.1.4 截?cái)嗪颓笥嗪瘮?shù) ··························································································.66
5.2 特殊數(shù)學(xué)函數(shù)運(yùn)算 ································································································.67
5.2.1 特殊函數(shù) ···································································································.67
5.2.2 坐標(biāo)變換函數(shù) ·····························································································.71
5.2.3 數(shù)論函數(shù) ···································································································.71
5.3 本章小結(jié) ············································································································.72
第6 章 數(shù)據(jù)繪圖 ···········································································································.73
6.1 二維圖形的繪制 ···································································································.74
6.1.1 plot 二維繪圖命令 ·······················································································.74
6.1.2 多次疊圖和多子圖操作 ·················································································.77
6.1.3 fplot 二維繪圖命令 ······················································································.79
6.1.4 ezplot 二維繪圖命令 ·····················································································.80
6.2 三維圖形的繪制 ···································································································.81
6.2.1 plot3 ·········································································································.81
6.2.2 三維網(wǎng)格圖和三維曲面圖的繪制 ·····································································.82
MATLAB R2020a 入門、精通與實(shí)戰(zhàn)
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6.2.3 其他三維繪圖命令 ·······················································································.83
6.3 特殊圖形的繪制 ···································································································.85
6.3.1 二維特殊圖形函數(shù) ·······················································································.86
6.3.2 三維特殊圖形函數(shù) ·······················································································.92
6.3.3 特殊坐標(biāo)軸函數(shù) ··························································································.95
6.3.4 四維表現(xiàn)圖（三維體切片平面） ·····································································.98
6.4 本章小結(jié) ············································································································.99
第7 章 圖形處理 ··········································································································.100
7.1 圖形標(biāo)識(shí) ···········································································································.101
7.1.1 坐標(biāo)軸與圖形標(biāo)注 ······················································································.101
7.1.2 圖形的文本標(biāo)注 ·························································································.102
7.1.3 圖例的標(biāo)注 ·······························································································.103
7.2 圖形控制 ···········································································································.104
7.2.1 圖形數(shù)據(jù)取點(diǎn) ····························································································.104
7.2.2 坐標(biāo)軸控制 ·······························································································.105
7.2.3 視角與透視控制 ·························································································.108
7.2.4 圖形色彩控制 ····························································································.111
7.2.5 光照控制 ··································································································.115
7.3 圖形窗口的操作 ··································································································.117
7.3.1 圖形窗口的創(chuàng)建 ·························································································.118
7.3.2 圖形窗口的菜單操作 ···················································································.118
7.3.3 圖形窗口工具欄 ·························································································.122
7.3.4 圖形的打印與輸出 ······················································································.124
7.4 本章小結(jié) ···········································································································.124
第8 章 程序設(shè)計(jì) ··········································································································.125
8.1 M 文件 ··············································································································.126
8.1.1 函數(shù) ········································································································.126
8.1.2 腳本 ········································································································.127
8.2 語法規(guī)則 ···········································································································.128
8.2.1 程序設(shè)計(jì)中的變量 ······················································································.128
8.2.2 編程方法 ··································································································.130
8.2.3 順序語句 ··································································································.130
8.2.4 循環(huán)語句 ··································································································.130
8.2.5 條件語句 ··································································································.131
8.2.6 其他流程控制語句 ······················································································.133
8.3 程序調(diào)試 ···········································································································.134
8.3.1 直接調(diào)試法 ·······························································································.134
8.3.2 工具調(diào)試法 ·······························································································.135
目錄
IX
8.3.3 程序調(diào)試命令 ····························································································.137
8.3.4 程序剖析 ··································································································.138
8.4 程序設(shè)計(jì)與實(shí)現(xiàn) ··································································································.142
8.4.1 建立數(shù)學(xué)模型 ····························································································.142
8.4.2 代碼編寫 ··································································································.143
8.5 本章小結(jié) ···········································································································.144
第9 章 數(shù)值計(jì)算 ··········································································································.145
9.1 線性方程組的解法 ·······························································································.146
9.1.1 解線性方程組的直接法 ················································································.146
9.1.2 解線性方程組的迭代法 ················································································.148
9.1.3 利用MATLAB 求解線性方程組 ·····································································.150
9.2 數(shù)值逼近方法 ·····································································································.153
9.2.1 插值 ········································································································.153
9.2.2 曲線擬合 ··································································································.158
9.2.3 數(shù)值積分 ··································································································.161
9.3 常微分方程（組）的數(shù)值求解 ················································································.163
9.3.1 常微分方程初值問題的離散化 ·······································································.164
9.3.2 常微分方程初值問題 ···················································································.165
9.4 數(shù)據(jù)分析和多項(xiàng)式 ·······························································································.170
9.4.1 基本數(shù)據(jù)分析函數(shù) ······················································································.170
9.4.2 多項(xiàng)式函數(shù) ·······························································································.173
9.5 本章小結(jié) ···········································································································.175
第10 章 符號(hào)計(jì)算 ········································································································.176
10.1 符號(hào)運(yùn)算入門 ···································································································.177
10.1.1 求方程的根 ·····························································································.177
10.1.2 求函數(shù)的導(dǎo)數(shù) ··························································································.177
10.1.3 求解微分方程 ··························································································.178
10.2 符號(hào)對(duì)象的創(chuàng)建和使用 ·······················································································.178
10.2.1 創(chuàng)建符號(hào)對(duì)象和表達(dá)式 ··············································································.178
10.2.2 符號(hào)對(duì)象的基本運(yùn)算 ·················································································.181
10.3 符號(hào)表達(dá)式的操作 ·····························································································.182
10.3.1 符號(hào)表達(dá)式的替換 ····················································································.182
10.3.2 精度計(jì)算 ································································································.183
10.3.3 符號(hào)表達(dá)式的化簡(jiǎn) ····················································································.184
10.4 符號(hào)微積分及其變換 ··························································································.186
10.4.1 符號(hào)表達(dá)式的微分運(yùn)算 ··············································································.186
10.4.2 符號(hào)表達(dá)式的級(jí)數(shù)與積分 ···········································································.188
10.4.3 符號(hào)積分變換 ··························································································.189
MATLAB R2020a 入門、精通與實(shí)戰(zhàn)
X
10.5 符號(hào)矩陣的計(jì)算 ································································································.191
10.5.1 代數(shù)基本運(yùn)算 ··························································································.191
10.5.2 線性代數(shù)運(yùn)算 ··························································································.191
10.5.3 特征值分解 ·····························································································.192
10.5.4 約當(dāng)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)型 ·····························································································.192
10.5.5 奇異值分解 ·····························································································.193
10.6 符號(hào)方程求解 ···································································································.193
10.6.1 代數(shù)方程的求解 ·······················································································.194
10.6.2 微分方程的求解 ·······················································································.195
10.7 可視化數(shù)學(xué)分析窗口 ··························································································.196
10.7.1 圖示化符號(hào)函數(shù)計(jì)算器 ··············································································.196
10.7.2 Taylor 級(jí)數(shù)逼近分析器···············································································.197
10.8 本章小結(jié) ·········································································································.198
第11 章 句柄圖形 ········································································································.199
11.1 句柄圖形體系 ···································································································.200
11.1.1 圖形系統(tǒng) ································································································.200
11.1.2 句柄圖形的概念 ·······················································································.200
11.1.3 對(duì)象屬性及其檢測(cè)和變更 ···········································································.202
11.2 圖形對(duì)象的操作 ································································································.205
11.2.1 創(chuàng)建圖形對(duì)象 ··························································································.206
11.2.2 查找對(duì)象 ································································································.207
11.2.3 圖形對(duì)象的位置 ·······················································································.208
11.2.4 文本對(duì)象的位置 ·······················································································.209
11.3 屬性默認(rèn)值和factory 屬性及打印位置 ····································································.211
11.3.1 設(shè)置屬性默認(rèn)值 ·······················································································.211
11.3.2 factory 屬性 ·····························································································.214
11.3.3 打印位置 ································································································.214
11.4 句柄的使用方法 ································································································.215
11.4.1 訪問對(duì)象句柄 ··························································································.215
11.4.2 使用句柄操作圖形對(duì)象 ··············································································.216
11.4.3 刪除對(duì)象 ································································································.217
11.4.4 控制圖形輸出 ··························································································.217
11.4.5 在M 文件中保存句柄 ················································································.219
11.5 句柄圖形的應(yīng)用舉例 ··························································································.220
11.6 本章小結(jié) ·········································································································.222
第12 章 輸入與輸出 ·····································································································.223
12.1 文件的打開與關(guān)閉 ·····························································································.224
12.1.1 打開文件 ································································································.224
目錄
XI
12.1.2 關(guān)閉文件 ································································································.225
12.2 文件的讀取與寫入 ·····························································································.225
12.2.1 讀取二進(jìn)制文件 ·······················································································.225
12.2.2 寫入二進(jìn)制文件 ·······················································································.227
12.2.3 寫入文本文件 ··························································································.228
12.2.4 讀取文本文件 ··························································································.230
12.2.5 文件格式化和二進(jìn)制輸入/輸出比較 ······························································.231
12.3 文件位置控制和狀態(tài)函數(shù) ····················································································.233
12.3.1 exist 函數(shù) ································································································.234
12.3.2 ferror 函數(shù) ·······························································································.235
12.3.3 feof 函數(shù) ·································································································.235
12.3.4 ftell 函數(shù) ·································································································.235
12.3.5 frewind 函數(shù) ····························································································.235
12.3.6 fseek 函數(shù) ·······························································································.235
12.4 本章小結(jié) ·········································································································.237
第13 章 Simulink 仿真 ·································································································.238
13.1 Simulink 概論 ····································································································.239
13.1.1 Simulink 簡(jiǎn)介···························································································.239
13.1.2 啟動(dòng)Simulink ··························································································.239
13.1.3 Simulink 模型的特點(diǎn)··················································································.241
13.1.4 Simulink 實(shí)例···························································································.243
13.2 Simulink 模型創(chuàng)建 ······························································································.245
13.2.1 模塊操作 ································································································.245
13.2.2 信號(hào)線操作 ·····························································································.246
13.2.3 模型的注釋 ·····························································································.248
13.2.4 系統(tǒng)建模和系統(tǒng)仿真的基本步驟 ··································································.249
13.2.5 信源Source ·····························································································.253
13.2.6 信宿Sink ································································································.259
13.2.7 過零檢測(cè) ································································································.264
13.2.8 仿真配置 ································································································.266
13.2.9 啟動(dòng)仿真 ································································································.270
13.3 子系統(tǒng)的創(chuàng)建與封裝 ··························································································.271
13.3.1 子系統(tǒng)介紹 ·····························································································.271
13.3.2 創(chuàng)建子系統(tǒng) ·····························································································.272
13.3.3 封裝子系統(tǒng) ·····························································································.273
13.4 仿真模型的分析 ································································································.276
13.4.1 確定模型的狀態(tài) ·······················································································.276
13.4.2 平衡點(diǎn)的分析 ··························································································.277
MATLAB R2020a 入門、精通與實(shí)戰(zhàn)
XII
13.4.3 微分方程的求解 ·······················································································.278
13.4.4 代數(shù)環(huán) ···································································································.279
13.5 仿真的運(yùn)行 ······································································································.280
13.5.1 啟動(dòng)仿真 ································································································.280
13.5.2 仿真的配置 ·····························································································.281
13.5.3 觀測(cè)仿真結(jié)果 ··························································································.285
13.5.4 仿真調(diào)試 ································································································.286
13.6 S 函數(shù) ·············································································································.287
13.6.1 S 函數(shù)的工作原理 ·····················································································.287
13.6.2 編寫S 函數(shù) ·····························································································.287
13.7 Simulink 與MATLAB 結(jié)合建模實(shí)例 ·······································································.291
13.8 本章小結(jié) ·········································································································.294
附錄A Simulink 模塊庫(kù) ·······························································································.295
參考文獻(xiàn) ·······················································································································.304