第1 章 物聯(lián)網(wǎng)技術基礎···········································································.001
1.1 物聯(lián)網(wǎng)發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀··········································································.001
1.1.1 美國·················································································.001
1.1.2 歐盟·················································································.002
1.1.3 日本·················································································.002
1.1.4 韓國·················································································.003
1.1.5 中國·················································································.003
1.2 物聯(lián)網(wǎng)體系架構··········································································.004
1.2.1 感知層·············································································.005
1.2.2 網(wǎng)絡層·············································································.005
1.2.3 應用層·············································································.006
1.3 物聯(lián)網(wǎng)信息的三大特性·······························································.007
1.3.1 高敏感性··········································································.007
1.3.2 高可靠性··········································································.007
1.3.3 高關聯(lián)性··········································································.007
1.4 物聯(lián)網(wǎng)體系架構的發(fā)展·······························································.008
1.5 小結·······························································································011
第2 章 物聯(lián)網(wǎng)安全架構··········································································.012
2.1 引言·····························································································.012
2.2 物聯(lián)網(wǎng)典型安全事件···································································.012
2.2.1 事件回顧··········································································.012
2.2.2 事件分析··········································································.016
2.3 物聯(lián)網(wǎng)安全問題分類···································································.017
2.3.1 互聯(lián)網(wǎng)引入的安全問題···················································.017
2.3.2 物聯(lián)網(wǎng)場景下的互聯(lián)網(wǎng)“安全”問題····························.017
2.3.3 物聯(lián)網(wǎng)引入的安全問題···················································.017
2.3.4 物聯(lián)網(wǎng)自身的安全問題···················································.018
2.4 物聯(lián)網(wǎng)安全威脅分析···································································.018
2.4.1 感知層安全威脅······························································.019
2.4.2 網(wǎng)絡層安全威脅······························································.020
2.4.3 應用層安全威脅······························································.022
2.5 物聯(lián)網(wǎng)安全需求分析···································································.023
2.5.1 縱橫聯(lián)動的一體化安全保障支撐····································.024
2.5.2 感知層傳感器設備的身份鑒別與數(shù)據(jù)防護····················.026
2.5.3 網(wǎng)絡層異構網(wǎng)絡規(guī)�；�安全互聯(lián)與全網(wǎng)統(tǒng)一監(jiān)管·········.027
2.5.4 應用層數(shù)據(jù)多域安全共享···············································.028
2.6 物聯(lián)網(wǎng)安全體系框架···································································.029
2.6.1 技術體系··········································································.029
2.6.2 物聯(lián)網(wǎng)系統(tǒng)的安全信息流···············································.036
2.7 小結·····························································································.037
第3 章 物聯(lián)網(wǎng)安全認證技術···································································.039
3.1 引言·····························································································.039
3.2 身份認證方式··············································································.040
3.2.1 基于秘密信息的認證方式···············································.040
3.2.2 基于信物的認證方式·······················································.041
3.2.3 基于密鑰的認證方式·······················································.041
3.2.4 基于生物特征的認證方式···············································.042
3.3 物聯(lián)網(wǎng)身份認證的特點·······························································.043
3.3.1 輕量級·············································································.043
3.3.2 非對稱·············································································.043
3.3.3 復雜性·············································································.043
3.4 幾種物聯(lián)網(wǎng)身份認證方式···························································.044
3.4.1 基于RFID 的物聯(lián)網(wǎng)身份認證方式·································.044
3.4.2 基于傳感網(wǎng)絡的物聯(lián)網(wǎng)認證方式····································.044
3.4.3 基于藍牙的感知網(wǎng)絡認證方式·······································.045
3.4.4 基于生物特征識別的認證方式·······································.045
3.5 基于生物特征的物聯(lián)網(wǎng)身份認證方法········································.047
3.5.1 生物特征身份認證流程···················································.047
3.5.2 指紋識別··········································································.049
3.5.3 人臉識別··········································································.049
3.5.4 虹膜識別··········································································.051
3.5.5 指靜脈識別······································································.051
3.5.6 聲紋識別··········································································.052
3.6 基于深度學習的聲紋識別技術····················································.053
3.6.1 概述·················································································.053
3.6.2 聲紋識別的工作原理·······················································.054
3.6.3 聲紋識別的流程······························································.055
3.6.4 聲紋識別技術的三次突破···············································.059
3.6.5 基于深度學習的典型聲紋識別算法································.060
3.6.6 聲紋識別應用趨勢··························································.063
3.7 小結·····························································································.066
本章參考文獻······················································································.066
第4 章 卷積神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡技術······································································.068
4.1 卷積運算······················································································.069
4.2 動機·····························································································.072
4.3 池化·····························································································.077
4.4 將卷積與池化作為一個無限強的先驗········································.082
4.5 基本卷積函數(shù)的變體···································································.083
4.6 結構化輸出··················································································.093
4.7 數(shù)據(jù)類型······················································································.094
4.8 高效的卷積算法··········································································.095
4.9 隨機或無監(jiān)督的特征···································································.096
4.10 小結···························································································.097
本章參考文獻······················································································.098
第5 章 序列建模：循環(huán)和遞歸網(wǎng)絡·······················································.101
5.1 展開計算圖··················································································.102
5.2 RNN·····························································································.105
5.2.1 Teacher Forcing 和輸出循環(huán)網(wǎng)絡····································.109
5.2.2 計算RNN 的梯度······························································111
5.2.3 作為有向圖模型的循環(huán)網(wǎng)絡·············································113
5.2.4 基于上下文的RNN 序列建�！ぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁ�117
5.3 雙向RNN ······················································································119
5.4 基于編碼-解碼的序列到序列架構···············································.121
5.5 深度RNN ····················································································.123
5.6 遞歸神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡··············································································.124
5.7 長期依賴的挑戰(zhàn)··········································································.126
5.8 回聲狀態(tài)網(wǎng)絡··············································································.128
5.9 滲漏單元和其他多時間尺度的策略············································.130
5.9.1 時間維度的跳躍連接·······················································.130
5.9.2 滲漏單元和一系列時間尺度···········································.131
5.9.3 刪除連接··········································································.131
5.10 長短期記憶和其他門控RNN ····················································.132
5.10.1 長短期記憶····································································.133
5.10.2 其他門控RNN·······························································.135
5.11 優(yōu)化長期依賴············································································.136
5.11.1 截斷梯度········································································.136
5.11.2 引導信息流的正則化·····················································.138
5.12 外顯記憶····················································································.139
5.13 小結···························································································.142
本章參考文獻······················································································.142
第6 章 深度學習框架和平臺的分析與對比············································.148
6.1 概述·····························································································.148
6.2 深度學習框架··············································································.151
6.2.1 TensorFlow·······································································.152
6.2.2 Caffe ················································································.156
6.2.3 PyTorch ············································································.162
6.2.4 CNTK···············································································.164
6.2.5 MXNet ·············································································.166
6.3 深度學習框架的分析與對比·······················································.169
6.3.1 總體分析··········································································.169
6.3.2 深度學習框架的對比·······················································.170
6.3.3 深度學習框架對硬件的利用情況····································.178
6.4 深度學習平臺··············································································.180
6.4.1 華為深度學習服務DLS ··················································.180
6.4.2 阿里深度學習開發(fā)平臺X-DeepLearning ························.184
6.4.3 百度深度學習開發(fā)平臺PAddle·······································.189
6.4.4 幾種平臺的對比······························································.191
6.5 小結·····························································································.192