本書聚焦既有城市供熱系統(tǒng)低碳清潔化演進技術研究，包括：室內供熱系統(tǒng)分階段降低運行參數，城市可再生能源多能互補低溫區(qū)域供熱系統(tǒng)及其熱源；基于既有供熱系統(tǒng)的低碳清潔化能源站設備的優(yōu)化配置；基于既有區(qū)域能源系統(tǒng)的低碳清潔化熱源的優(yōu)化配置；建立了熱電協(xié)同調度的優(yōu)化模型等，為區(qū)域供熱系統(tǒng)熱電一體化調度提供了算法。本書為第四代區(qū)域供熱系統(tǒng)奠定了基礎。 本書可供城市供熱、供電、可再生能源等專業(yè)的工程技術人員使用，也可作為高等學校師生的參考資料。
王晉達，博士，2019年12月畢業(yè)于哈爾濱工業(yè)大學市政與環(huán)境工程學院供熱、供燃氣、通風及空調工程專業(yè)。就職于河北工業(yè)大學能源與環(huán)境工程學院從教。從事集中供熱系統(tǒng)機理仿真建模與優(yōu)化控制，風電消納和低碳清潔可再生能源多能互補供熱系統(tǒng)的研究。主持河北省教育廳青年基金項目融合管網拓撲約束可再生能源站的優(yōu)化配置與協(xié)同調控機理研究；參與了黑龍江省科技廳, 黑龍江省自然科學基金（重點項目）嚴寒地區(qū)智能集中供熱系統(tǒng)的理論與關鍵技術研究；參與了國家科技部, 國家科技支撐計劃課題消納風電的熱-電聯(lián)合優(yōu)化規(guī)劃及運行控制技術研究。 部分研究成果目前已獲得較好應用。以第一作者和通訊作者身份發(fā)表 10余篇相關領域學術論文。擁有相關領域發(fā)明專利6項。
目錄
第1 章 緒論 ······································································.001
1.1 背景和意義 ····························································.002
1.1.1 碳達峰與碳中和 ··············································.002
1.1.2 風電發(fā)展與棄風 ··············································.002
1.1.3 清潔供熱目標 ·················································.005
1.2 供熱技術的現(xiàn)狀與問題 ·············································.007
1.2.1 現(xiàn)行規(guī)范 ·······················································.007
1.2.2 高溫熱媒與低品位可再生能源 ···························.008
1.2.3 熱力站間接連接 ··············································.010
1.2.4 要求熱泵出水溫度高 ········································.010
1.2.5 無補償冷安裝難以真正實現(xiàn) ······························.011
1.3 推進低碳清潔供熱技術的途徑 ····································.011
1.4 研究現(xiàn)狀與分析 ······················································.014
第2 章 既有散熱器低溫運行存在的問題及解決方法 ··················.017
2.1 低溫運行存在的問題 ················································.022
2.1.1 散熱器面積的變化 ···········································.022
2.1.2 室內溫度的變化 ··············································.028
2.2 低溫散熱器的應用 ···················································.033
2.3 室內混合供熱系統(tǒng)的應用 ··········································.035
2.3.1 散熱器和地板輻射串聯(lián)系統(tǒng) ······························.035
2.3.2 散熱器和毛細管串聯(lián)系統(tǒng) ·································.037
2.3.3 散熱器和谷電協(xié)調供熱·····································.037
第3 章 既有供熱系統(tǒng)轉化為多能互補低溫區(qū)域供熱系統(tǒng) ············.039
3.1 單管區(qū)域供熱系統(tǒng) ···················································.042
3.1.1 單管系統(tǒng)的循環(huán)泵 ···········································.047
3.1.2 熱量分配 ·······················································.048
3.1.3 用戶供回水溫度 ··············································.048
3.1.4 單管系統(tǒng)的主要特點 ········································.049
3.2 雙管區(qū)域供熱系統(tǒng) ···················································.050
3.3 三管區(qū)域供熱系統(tǒng) ···················································.052
第4 章 多能互補低溫區(qū)域供熱系統(tǒng)熱源 ·································.055
4.1 基本熱源 ·······························································.056
4.1.1 區(qū)域性熱力站 ·················································.056
4.1.2 低溫核供熱堆 ·················································.056
4.1.3 垃圾焚燒鍋爐 ·················································.059
4.1.4 熱電廠 ··························································.059
4.2 集中調峰熱源 ·························································.060
4.2.1 生物質鍋爐 ····················································.060
4.2.2 中深層地熱能 ·················································.061
4.3 能源站 ··································································.062
4.3.1 布置在單管系統(tǒng)的雙向能源站 ···························.063
4.3.2 布置在雙管系統(tǒng)的雙向能源站 ···························.067
4.3.3 布置在三管系統(tǒng)的雙向能源站 ···························.071
第5 章 既有供熱系統(tǒng)建設能源站設備的優(yōu)化方法 ·····················.075
5.1 新建能源站系統(tǒng)配置 ················································.076
5.2 清潔供熱系統(tǒng)的運行優(yōu)化 ··········································.077
5.2.1 運行優(yōu)化的目標函數 ········································.077
5.2.2 運行優(yōu)化的約束條件 ········································.079
5.2.3 決策變量 ·······················································.082
5.3 能源站設備容量優(yōu)化 ················································.082
5.3.1 設備容量優(yōu)化目標函數·····································.082
5.3.2 設備容量優(yōu)化的約束條件 ·································.084
5.3.3 設備容量優(yōu)化的計算流程 ·································.085
5.4 能源站設備容量優(yōu)化案例及討論 ·································.085
5.4.1 綜合計算條件 ·················································.086
5.4.2 遺傳算法和模式搜索及其最優(yōu)解 ························.088
5.4.3 熱源各機組運行工況的對比分析 ························.090
5.4.4 分時電價和余熱量的影響 ·································.096
第6 章 既有能源系統(tǒng)配置低碳清潔熱源的優(yōu)化方法 ··················.099
6.1 低碳清潔熱源 ·························································.100
6.2 低碳清潔熱源裝機容量的優(yōu)化模型 ······························.101
6.2.1 設備容量優(yōu)化目標函數與約束條件 ·····················.101
6.2.2 區(qū)域能源系統(tǒng)機組的能耗計算 ···························.104
6.2.3 區(qū)域能源系統(tǒng)總能耗費的優(yōu)化目標函數與約束條件 .107
6.2.4 優(yōu)化計算流程 ·················································.111
6.3 低碳清潔熱源設備優(yōu)化配置案例 ·································.111
6.3.1 風電場風資源及風電功率 ·································.111
6.3.2 區(qū)域能源系統(tǒng)的電源和熱源、電負荷和熱負荷 ······.113
6.3.3 既有區(qū)域能源系統(tǒng)設備的供電、供熱及系統(tǒng)棄風 ···.115
6.3.4 配置低碳清潔熱源的區(qū)域能源系統(tǒng)的仿真計算 ······.117
第7 章 供熱管網動態(tài)蓄放熱特性研究·····································.121
7.1 供熱管網的穩(wěn)態(tài)水力工況和熱力工況仿真 ·····················.122
7.1.1 管網物理結構的數學建模 ·································.122
7.1.2 管網的水力仿真模型 ········································.122
7.1.3 供熱管網的穩(wěn)態(tài)熱力仿真模型 ···························.125
7.1.4 熱力仿真模型求解流程·····································.130
7.2 一級供熱管網簡化熱動態(tài)模型 ····································.131
7.3 供熱管道蓄放熱特性研究 ··········································.133
7.3.1 等額供熱控制 ·················································.134
7.3.2 管道蓄熱特征 ·················································.135
7.3.3 管道蓄放熱模式 ··············································.135
7.4 綜合改變溫度和流量的蓄熱量計算 ······························.138
7.4.1 一級供熱管網蓄熱量計算 ·································.138
7.4.2 集中供熱調節(jié)和管道蓄熱 ·································.139
第8 章 區(qū)域能源系統(tǒng)熱電協(xié)同優(yōu)化調度 ·································.143
8.1 簡介 ·····································································.144
8.2 熱電協(xié)同優(yōu)化調度 ···················································.148
8.2.1 目標函數 ·······················································.148
8.2.2 約束條件 ·······················································.150
8.3 熱電協(xié)同優(yōu)化調度目標函數的求解 ······························.152
8.4 熱電協(xié)同優(yōu)化調度相關參數的設定 ······························.153
8.4.1 一級供熱管網管道動態(tài)蓄放熱特征參數 ···············.153
8.4.2 風電機組日發(fā)電功率模式與逐時電負荷 ···············.153
8.5 熱電協(xié)同優(yōu)化調度的仿真計算與分析 ···························.155
8.5.1 方案1 優(yōu)化調度的仿真結果與分析 ·····················.156
8.5.2 方案1 反調峰模式下的調度結果與分析 ···············.156
8.5.3 電熱泵和管道蓄放熱的風電消納效果 ··················.163
8.5.4 組合方案4 各機組逐時熱電功率分析 ··················.164
參考文獻 ············································································.169
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