中國古代戶籍制度是國家掌握人口、征調(diào)賦役、管控社會秩序的基本手段。以唐代兩稅法承認客籍為標志，中國古代戶籍的著錄對象、編制原則乃至管理系統(tǒng)都發(fā)生了劃階段的重大變化。本書綜合利用出土文獻與傳世文獻，融通簡牘學與敦煌吐魯番學的研究，在全面系統(tǒng)整理戰(zhàn)國至唐代中期戶籍文書的基礎(chǔ)上，以專題形式對這一時期戶籍制度的發(fā)展演化及其相應(yīng)的社會結(jié)構(gòu)變化進行實證考察和理論分析，并從簡紙更替這一全新視角揭示中古時期伴隨著書寫材料的改變，國家行政制度和社會控制方式相應(yīng)發(fā)生的重大變化。
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目錄
序一李治安 / 001
序二孫繼民 / 005
前言 / 013
第一編 財政年度·造籍日期與官方年齡
第一章 漢唐間財政年度演變新論
一問題的提出 / 004
二秦漢“計稻后年”與孫吳財政年度變化 / 005
三郴州晉簡與西晉預(yù)算體制的初步確立 / 016
第二章 從“歲盡增年”到“歲初增年”——中國中古官方計齡方式的演變
一“歲盡增年”與周歲、虛歲之爭 / 030
二“歲盡增年”與“著籍增年” / 035
三古代禮俗上的“歲首增年” / 039
四唐代的手實申報與“歲首增年” / 043
五秦漢與唐代官方年齡及戶籍記載上的差異 / 048
結(jié)語 / 054
補記 / 055
第二編 文書考釋與研究
第三章 湖南里耶所出“秦代遷陵縣南陽里戶版”研究
一戶籍簡的著錄格式 / 062
二戶籍簡的制作年代 / 068
三南陽里戶版的性質(zhì) / 074
附錄秦代遷陵縣南陽里戶版 / 083
第四章 長沙東牌樓東漢“戶籍簡”補說
一“算卒”釋義 / 087
二“戶籍簡”的形制與著錄格式 / 094
三“戶籍簡”的性質(zhì) / 097
第五章 長沙吳簡中兩類戶籍簿的功能與性質(zhì)
一“右某家口食”類簡的“不任調(diào)”與“應(yīng)役民” / 104
二“凡口若干”類結(jié)句簡中的“事” / 115
三“凡口若干”與“右某家口食”類簡的功用 / 124
補論“右某家口食”戶籍簿的性質(zhì) / 128
第六章 甘肅臨澤晉簡中的家產(chǎn)繼承與戶籍制度——兼論兩晉十六國戶籍的著錄內(nèi)容
一簡冊釋文與內(nèi)容分析 / 144
二案件爭訟焦點與漢晉分家制度 / 148
三兩晉十六國戶籍的著錄內(nèi)容 / 154
第七章 《前秦建元二十年籍》與漢唐間籍帳制度的變化
一《前秦建元二十年籍》內(nèi)容分析 / 163
二造籍日期與財政年度的調(diào)整 / 171
三戶籍文書類型及其功用的轉(zhuǎn)變 / 176
補論有關(guān)《前秦建元二十年籍》的錄文問題 / 186
第八章 《西涼建初籍》與魏晉時期的職役戶籍
一《西涼建初籍》非民籍、吏兵籍 / 193
二“大府吏”“散”的身分 / 199
三魏晉兵戶居住狀態(tài)與《西涼建初籍》的性質(zhì) / 204
第九章 新疆吐魯番新出唐代貌閱文書
一文書釋讀與定名 / 211
二唐代的貌閱時間與貌閱年齡 / 213
三貌閱的重點對象及對不法行為的處罰 / 221
第三編 課役與身分
第十章 “小”“大”之間——戰(zhàn)國至西晉課役身分的演進
一問題的提出 / 231
二課役身分從“二分”到“三分” / 234
三漢代的課役身分體系 / 245
四從課役身分到戶籍身分 / 252
第十一章 魏晉時期的吏戶與吏籍
一關(guān)鍵史料的解讀 / 259
二古代戶籍編制原則與吏、民合籍 / 267
三吏戶的義務(wù)、身分與地位 / 274
結(jié)語 / 282
第十二章 唐代敦煌籍的成年“中女”與吐魯番籍的“丁女”
一唐代敦煌籍的成年“中女”并非書寫疏誤 / 284
二“丁從課役”與北朝系統(tǒng)下女子的“丁中” / 287
三西晉及東晉南朝的“丁女”稱謂與吐魯番籍中的遺存 / 292
余論 / 298
第十三章 從戶下奴婢到在籍賤民——中國古代奴婢身分的演變與良賤身分制的形成
一秦漢時期的戶口統(tǒng)計與奴婢的附籍性質(zhì) / 302
二魏晉以降的戶口統(tǒng)計與奴婢在籍身分 / 313
三秦漢奴婢的來源與身分變化 / 320
四良賤身分制的形成與發(fā)展 / 326
結(jié)語 / 333
第四編 簡紙更替與制度演進
第十四章 西晉黃籍考——以《太平御覽·文部·札》引《晉令》為中心
一黃籍是簡還是紙？ / 339
二“諸戶口黃籍” / 346
三黃籍與正戶 / 353
第十五章 中國古代書寫載體與戶籍制度的演變
一“簡”“牘”之別與以簡代牘 / 365
二從“戶版”到“戶籍” / 370
三簡紙?zhí)娲c中古造籍制度的演進 / 379
第十六章 簡紙更替與中國古代基層統(tǒng)治重心的上移
一簡牘時代的帳簿編造與正、副本關(guān)系 / 388
二秦漢時期鄉(xiāng)吏統(tǒng)攬基層事務(wù) / 393
三簡紙?zhí)娲c縣、鄉(xiāng)行政機構(gòu)的變化 / 401
四魏晉隋唐時期縣司親理庶務(wù) / 405
余論 / 413
結(jié)論戰(zhàn)國以降戶籍制度的形成與發(fā)展 / 416
主要參考文獻 / 430
索引 / 461
后記 / 474
CONTENTS
PREFACE 1 / 001
PREFACE 2 / 005
FOREWORDS / 013
PART I FISCAL YEAR, DATE OF REGISTRATION AND OFFICIAL AGE
CHAPTER 1 A NEW STUDY OF THE FISCAL YEAR EVOLUTION FROM THE HAN DYNASTY TO TANG DYNASTY
Section 1 Introduction / 004
Section 2 The “Calculating Rice Harvests for the Following Year” in the Qin-Han Period and the Changes of the Fiscal Year System in the Wu Kingdom / 005
Section 3 The Chenzhou Bamboo Documents of Jin Dynasty and the Preliminary Establishment of the Budget System in the Western Jin Dynasty / 016
CHAPTER 2 FROM “COUNTING FROM THE END OF YEAR” TO “COUNTING FROM THE BEGINNING OF THE YEAR”: THE EVOLUTION OF THE OFFICIAL AGE COUNTING METHOD IN MIDDLE ANCIENT CHINA
Section 1 The “Counting from the End of Year” and the Debate between the use of Zhousui (Counting Age by Years) and Xusui (Counting Age by Lunar Years) / 030
Section 2 The “Counting from the End of Year” and the “Counting from the Registration” / 035
Section 3 The “Counting from the Beginning of the Year” in the Ancient Ritual Custom / 039
Section 4 The Report of Household Information in the Tang Dynasty and the “Counting from the Beginning of the Year” / 043
Section 5 The Differences in Official Age and Household Register Records between the Qin-Han Period and the Tang Dynasty / 048
Conclusion / 054 Supplementary Recording / 055
PART II INTERPRETATION AND RESEARCH OF THE DOCUMENTS
CHAPTER 3 THE STUDY ON THE “NANYANG LI HOUSEHOLD REGISTRATION BAMBOO SLIPS OF QIANLING COUNTY IN THE QIN DYNASTY” EXCAVATED AT LIYE OF HUNAN PROVINCE
Section 1 The Format of the Household Registration Bamboo Slips / 062
Section 2 The Production Time of the Household Registration Bamboo Slips / 068
Section 3 The Nature of the Nanyang Li Household Registration Bamboo Slips / 074
Appendix Nanyang Li Household Registration Bamboo Slips of Qianling County in the Qin Dynasty / 083
CHAPTER 4 A FUTHER STUDY ON THE EASTERN HAN DYNASTY HOUSEHOLD REGISTRATION BAMBOO SLIPS OF DONGPAILOU AT CHANGSHA
Section 1 The Interpretation of Suanzu / 087
Section 2 The Shape and Format of the Household Registration Bamboo Slips / 094
Section 3 The Nature of the Household Registration Bamboo Slips / 097
CHAPTER 5 THE FUNCTION AND NATURE OF THE TWO TYPES OF HOUSEHOLD REGISTRATION DOCUMENTS IN THE CHANGSHA WU KINGDOM BAMBOO SLIPS
Section 1 The Terms Bu rendiao and Yingyi min in the You moujia koushi Bamboo Slips / 104
Section 2 The Term Shi in the Household Registration Bamboo Slips Ending with Fan kou ruogan / 115
Section 3 The Function of the Fan kou ruogan-type and You moujia koushi-type Bamboo Slips / 124
Supplementary Discussion The Nature of Household Register of You moujia koushi-type / 128
CHAPTER 6 THE FAMILY PROPERTY INHERITANCE AND HOUSEHOLD REGISTRATION SYSTEM IN THE LINZE OF GANSU JIN DYNASTY BAMBOO DOCUMENTS: CONCURRENT DISCUSSION ON THE CONTENTS OF THE HOUSEHOLD REGISTRATION OF THE JIN DYNASTY AND SIXTEEN-STATE PERIOD
Section 1 The Text Interpretation and Analysis of the Bamboo Slips / 144
Section 2 The Focus of Legal Dispute and the System of Dividing Families during the Han and Jin Dynasties / 148
Section 3 The Contents of the Household Registration of the Jin Dynasty and Sixteen-State Period / 154
CHAPTER 7 THE QIANQIN JIANYUAN ERSHINIAN JI AND THE CHANGES IN THE HOUSEHOLD REGISTRATION SYSTEM FROM THE HAN DYNASTY TO TANG DYNASTY
Section 1 The Analysis of the Content of the Qianqin Jianyuan Ershinian Ji / 163
Section 2 The Date of Registration Recorded and the Adjustment of the Fiscal Year / 171
Section 3 The Household Registration Document Types and the Transformation of Their Functions / 176
Supplementary Discussion The Related Issues of the Qianqin Jianyuan Ershinian Ji Interpretation / 186
CHAPTER 8 THE XILIANG JIANCHU JI AND THE SERVICE AND HOUSEHOLD REGISTRATION IN THE WEI-JIN PERIOD
Section 1 The Xiliang Jianchu Ji Is Not a Commoner-Household Register or a Lower Official and Soldier Household Register / 193
Section 2 The Status of Dafuli and San / 199
Section 3 The Residential Status of Soldier Households in the Wei-Jin Period and the Nature of the Xiliang Jianchu Ji / 204
CHAPTER 9 THE NEWLY EXCAVATED MANUSCRIPT DOCUMENTS OF VISUAL INSPECTION OF THE TANG DYNASTY IN TURPAN PREFECTURE, XINJIANG UYGURAUTONOMOUS REGION
Section 1 The Interpretation and Naming of the Manuscript Documents / 211
Section 2 The Time and Age of Visual Inspection of the Tang Dynasty / 213
Section 3 The Key Targets of Visual Inspection and Punishment for Illegal Behavior / 221
PART III CORVéE LABOR SERVICE AND IDENTITY
CHAPTER 10 BETWEEN “SMALL” AND “BIG”: EVOLUTION OF THE IDENTIFICATION OF CORVéE LABOR SERVICE FROM THE WARRING STATES PERIOD TO THE WESTERN JIN DYNASTY
Section 1 Introduction / 231
Section 2 The Evolution of the Two-Grade to Three-Grade Corvée Labor Service System / 234
Section 3 The Identity of Corvée Labor Service System in the Han Dynasty / 245
Section 4 From the Identity of Corvée Labor Service to the Identity of Household Registration Status / 252
CHAPTER 11 CORVéE HOUSEHOLDS AND CORVéE HOUSEHOLD REGISTRATION IN THE WEI-JIN PERIOD
Section 1 The Interpretation of the Key Historical Texts / 259
Section 2 The Compilation Principles of Ancient Household Registration and the Combination of Corvée and Commoner Household Registration / 267
Section 3 Obligations, Identity, and Status of Corvée Households / 274
Conclusion / 282
CHAPTER 12 ZHONG WOMEN AT DUNHUANG AND DING WOMEN AT TURPAN IN THE HOUSEHOLD REGISTER DOCUMENTS OF TANG DYNASTY
Section 1 The Zhong Women at Dunhuang in the Household Register Documents of Tang Dynasty Is Not a Mistake in Recording / 284
Section 2 “Ding cong keyi” and the Dingzhong Women in the Northern Dynasties’ System / 287
Section 3 The Title Ding Women during the Western Jin, Eastern Jin Dynasties and the Southern Dynasties and Surviving Records from the Turpan Household Register Documents / 292
Epilogue / 298
CHAPTER 13 FROM HOUSE SERFS TO REGISTERED PARIAHS: THE IDENTITY TRANSITION OF HOUSE SERFS AND THE FORMATION OF THE LIANGJIAN IDENTITY SYSTEM IN ANCIENT CHINA
Section 1 The Household Census in the Qin-Han Period and the Attached Identity of House Serfs / 302
Section 2 The Household Census since Wei-Jin Period and the Registered Identity of House Serfs / 313
Section 3 The Origins of the House Serfs in the Qin-Han Period and Their Identity Changes / 320
Section 4 The Formation and Development of the Liangjian Identity System / 326
Conclusion / 333
PART IV REPLACEMENT OF BAMBOO-SLIP AND PAPER AND INSTITUTIONAL EVOLUTION
CHAPTER 14 THE STUDY ON THE HUANGJI IN THE WESTERN JIN DYNASTY: BASED ON THE JINLING QUOTED IN THE TAIPINGYULAN WENBU ZHA
Section 1 Are the Huangji Written on Bamboo Slips or Paper? / 339
Section 2 “All Households are Recorded in the Yellow-paper Household Registration Documents” / 346
Section 3 The Huangji and the Official Household / 353
CHAPTER 15 THE EVOLUTION OF THEWRITINGCARRIER AND HOUSEHOLD REGISTRATION SYSTEM IN ANCIENT CHINA
Section 1 The Difference between Bamboo Slip and Tablet, and the Substitution of Tablet by Bamboo Slip / 365
Section 2 The Household Registration Writing Carrier is from Bamboo Slip/Wooden Tablet to Paper / 370
Section 3 The Transition from Bamboo Slips to Paper and the Evolution of the Household Registration System in Middle Ancient Period / 379
CHAPTER 16 THE TRANSITION FROM BAMBOO SLIPS TO PAPER AND THE UPWARD MOVEMENT OF PRIMARY-LEVEL GOVERNING CENTERS IN ANCIENT CHINA
Section 1 The Document Compilation during the Era of Bamboo/Wooden Slips, and the Relationship between the Original and Duplicate Copies / 388
Section 2 Local Officials Managed Grassroots Affairs in Qin-Han Period / 393
Section 3 The Transition from Bamboo Slips to Paper and the Changes of the Administrative Structures of Counties and Townships / 401
Section 4 County Officials Directly Managed Grassroots Affairs in Wei-jin-Sui-Tang Period / 405
Epilogue / 413
CONCLUSION THE FORMATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE RESIDENTIAL REGISTRATION SYSTEM SINCE THE WARRING STATES PERIOD / 416
MAIN REFERENCES / 430
INDEX / 461
AFTERWORDS / 474
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