第一篇

定義數(shù)字孿生體

第 1 章 數(shù)字孿生體簡介............................................ 003

1.1　數(shù)字孿生體的歷史.........................................................004

1.1.1　數(shù)字孿生體概念的起源 ........................................................005

1.1.2　數(shù)字孿生體的定義 ...............................................................008

1.1.3　數(shù)字孿生體的類型 ...............................................................011

1.1.4　數(shù)字孿生體的特征 ...............................................................015

1.1.5　模型和數(shù)據(jù)..........................................................................017

1.1.6　數(shù)字主線.............................................................................018

1.2　數(shù)字孿生體的行業(yè)用途 ..................................................020

1.2.1　數(shù)字孿生體利益相關(guān)者 ........................................................020

1.2.2　行業(yè)數(shù)字孿生體應(yīng)用............................................................022

1.3　數(shù)字孿生體的價值主張 ..................................................025

1.3.1　降低復(fù)雜性以增強理解 ........................................................025

1.3.2　轉(zhuǎn)型價值 .............................................................................028

1.3.3　潛在價值 .............................................................................029

1.4　識別機會......................................................................031

1.5　小結(jié)............................................................................034

第 2 章 數(shù)字孿生體規(guī)劃............................................ 035

2.1　關(guān)鍵標準......................................................................036

2.2　預(yù)期的業(yè)務(wù)成果 ............................................................038

2.2.1　制造業(yè).................................................................................038

2.2.2　供應(yīng)鏈管理..........................................................................045

2.3　實現(xiàn)數(shù)字孿生體的先決條件 ............................................047

2.4　組織因素......................................................................050

2.4.1　數(shù)字技術(shù)和人才...................................................................052

2.4.2　生態(tài)系統(tǒng)和聯(lián)盟...................................................................052

2.4.3　組織結(jié)構(gòu)和文化...................................................................053

2.4.4　組織敏捷性的成果 ...............................................................053

2.5　技術(shù)需求......................................................................054

2.5.1　框架和模型..........................................................................054

2.5.2　連接性.................................................................................055

2.5.3　數(shù)據(jù)采集和存儲...................................................................056

2.5.4　邊緣計算 .............................................................................057

2.5.5　算法和分析..........................................................................057

2.5.6　平臺和應(yīng)用..........................................................................058

2.5.7　可視化.................................................................................058

2.5.8　信息和行動..........................................................................058

2.5.9　反饋....................................................................................059

2.5.10　軟件開發(fā)范式和低代碼 ......................................................059

2.6　小結(jié) ............................................................................060

2.7　思考題.........................................................................060

第二篇

構(gòu)建數(shù)字孿生體

第 3 章 確定第一個數(shù)字孿生體 .................................. 063

3.1　評估數(shù)字孿生體候選者 ..................................................064

3.1.1　工業(yè)集團 .............................................................................064

3.1.2　單一行業(yè)領(lǐng)域的大型企業(yè).....................................................069

3.1.3　公共部門實體 ......................................................................071

3.1.4　大型軟件公司或云服務(wù)提供商..............................................072

3.1.5　獨立軟件供應(yīng)商...................................................................073

3.1.6　大型系統(tǒng)集成商...................................................................074

3.1.7　小型服務(wù)公司 ......................................................................074

3.2　角色和職責...................................................................075

3.3　試驗和交互 ..................................................................080

3.3.1　敏捷宣言 .............................................................................080

3.3.2　版本....................................................................................082

3.3.3　史詩....................................................................................082

3.3.4　故事....................................................................................083

3.3.5　沖刺....................................................................................084

3.3.6　每日例會 .............................................................................084

3.3.7　測試用例 .............................................................................086

3.3.8　演示和用戶驗收...................................................................086

3.3.9　迭代....................................................................................087

3.4　最終候選者 ..................................................................087

3.5　小結(jié) ............................................................................088

3.6　思考題.........................................................................089

第 4 章 從第一個數(shù)字孿生體開始 ............................... 091

4.1　規(guī)劃框架......................................................................092

4.1.1　項目規(guī)劃框架 ......................................................................092

4.1.2　解決方案規(guī)劃框架 ...............................................................099

4.2　驗證問題陳述和預(yù)期結(jié)果 ...............................................101

4.3　探索數(shù)字孿生體開發(fā)的業(yè)務(wù)流程......................................102

4.4　考慮技術(shù)因素 ...............................................................103

4.4.1　資產(chǎn)管理殼..........................................................................104

4.4.2　數(shù)字孿生體定義語言............................................................108

4.5　探索數(shù)字孿生體的數(shù)字平臺............................................113

4.5.1　物聯(lián)網(wǎng)平臺..........................................................................113

4.5.2　業(yè)務(wù)流程管理平臺 ...............................................................115

4.5.3　分析和數(shù)據(jù)平臺...................................................................116

4.5.4　應(yīng)用平臺.............................................................................116

4.6　小結(jié)............................................................................117

第 5 章 設(shè)置數(shù)字孿生體原型...................................... 119

5.1　確定數(shù)字孿生體平臺......................................................119

5.1.1　資產(chǎn)所有者的視角 ...............................................................120

5.1.2　所需的物聯(lián)網(wǎng)功能 ...............................................................121

5.1.3　構(gòu)建與購買功能...................................................................123

5.2　為數(shù)字孿生體評估公共云、物聯(lián)網(wǎng)和專業(yè)平臺...................124

5.2.1　微軟 Azure　Digital　Twins...............................................125

5.2.2　AWS 物聯(lián)網(wǎng)平臺 ................................................................126

5.2.3　甲骨文公司的物聯(lián)網(wǎng)應(yīng)用.....................................................129

5.2.4　PTC ThingWorx ................................................................131

5.2.5　XMPro ...............................................................................132

5.3　配置和設(shè)置 ..................................................................134

5.4　Azure 數(shù)字孿生體的數(shù)據(jù)考量 ........................................146

5.5　解決方案架構(gòu) ...............................................................148

5.6　小結(jié)............................................................................149

5.7　思考題.........................................................................149

第 6 章 構(gòu)建數(shù)字孿生體原型...................................... 151

6.1　技術(shù)要求......................................................................152

6.2　數(shù)字孿生體的開發(fā)過程 ..................................................152

6.2.1　作為數(shù)字孿生體原型的風力渦輪機.......................................152

6.2.2　風力渦輪機的基礎(chǔ)知識和高級數(shù)據(jù)模型 ................................153

6.2.3　使用本體定義數(shù)字孿生體模型..............................................156

6.2.4　將模型上傳到 Azure　Digital　Twins 實例.........................165

6.2.5　為風電場和風力渦輪機配置數(shù)字孿生體實例 .........................166

6.3　測試框架......................................................................171

6.3.1　創(chuàng)建應(yīng)用程序以通過代碼更新數(shù)字孿生體原型......................171

6.3.2　以低代碼方式創(chuàng)建應(yīng)用程序并更新數(shù)字孿生體原型...............176

6.4　技術(shù)評估注意事項.........................................................180

6.5　業(yè)務(wù)驗證和理解............................................................182

6.6　小結(jié)............................................................................185

6.7　思考題.........................................................................185

第 7 章 部署和價值跟蹤............................................ 187

7.1　數(shù)字孿生體的功能測試 ..................................................188

7.1.1　測試數(shù)字孿生體基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施.....................................................188

7.1.2　測試數(shù)字孿生體應(yīng)用程序.....................................................191

7.2　試點運行......................................................................195

7.2.1　試點實施范圍 ......................................................................197

7.2.2　試點階段的成功標準............................................................199

7.2.3　試點解決方案的時間表和階段..............................................200

7.2.4　展示試點結(jié)果 ......................................................................201

7.3　全面部署......................................................................207

7.3.1　全面實現(xiàn)方法 ......................................................................208

7.3.2　大爆炸方法..........................................................................208

第三篇

增強數(shù)字孿生體

第 8 章 強化數(shù)字孿生體............................................ 221

8.1　定義孿生體的孿生體......................................................222

8.1.1　標準的作用..........................................................................224

8.1.2　設(shè)定發(fā)展愿景 ......................................................................226

8.2　評估整個系統(tǒng)中的第一個數(shù)字孿生體 ...............................226

8.2.1　分階段方法的理由 ...............................................................228

8.2.2　收益量化 .............................................................................229

8.3　識別相關(guān)的數(shù)字孿生體 ..................................................231

8.4　規(guī)劃復(fù)合孿生體............................................................233

8.4.1　水電數(shù)字孿生體...................................................................235

8.4.2　太陽能發(fā)電廠的數(shù)字孿生體 .................................................237

8.4.3　太陽能光伏和風力渦輪機混合發(fā)電廠....................................241

8.4.4　可再生能源發(fā)電的創(chuàng)新 ........................................................242

8.5　增強功能和后續(xù)步驟......................................................244

8.5.1　企業(yè)級數(shù)字孿生體解決方案推廣所涉及的主要系統(tǒng)...............244

8.5.2　數(shù)字孿生體卓越中心............................................................246

8.6　小結(jié)............................................................................247

8.7　思考題.........................................................................247

附錄 ......................................................................... 249

聯(lián)實數(shù)字公司首席執(zhí)行官威廉的數(shù)字孿生體主題專訪記錄 ................249

通用電氣可再生能源公司的數(shù)字服務(wù)首席技術(shù)官安瓦爾·艾哈邁德的數(shù)字

孿生體主題專訪記錄........................................................................252