目錄
綜述與建議 1
第1章 簡介：核能在未來能源結(jié)構(gòu)中的必要性以及需要克服的挑戰(zhàn) 4
第2章 核能開發(fā)的歷史、現(xiàn)狀、問題與挑戰(zhàn) 7
第3章 近中期部署第三代核電站的可行性與挑戰(zhàn) 11
第4章 新型和創(chuàng)新型未來反應(yīng)堆設(shè)計（第四代反應(yīng)堆）的前景與挑戰(zhàn) 15
4.1現(xiàn)狀 15
4.2主要預(yù)期變化 16
4.3第四代鈉冷快堆和超高溫氣冷堆的前景 17
附錄A 19
A.1 法國第四代反應(yīng)堆行動計劃 19
A.2 中國第四代反應(yīng)堆行動計劃 21
第5章 創(chuàng)新型反應(yīng)堆概念和技術(shù)的承諾與挑戰(zhàn)：小型模塊化反應(yīng)堆及先進(jìn)技術(shù) 23
5.1小型模塊化反應(yīng)堆 24
5.1.1 研發(fā)背景 24
5.1.2 重拾興趣 24
5.1.3 小型模塊化反應(yīng)堆所面臨的挑戰(zhàn)和解決方案 26
5.2適用于大型反應(yīng)堆的創(chuàng)新技術(shù) 27
第6章 放射性廢物管理的現(xiàn)狀與未來的展望 29
6.1燃料循環(huán)戰(zhàn)略與放射性廢物的特征 29
6.2放射性廢物管理的進(jìn)展 30
附錄B 32
第7章 安全領(lǐng)域的技術(shù)支持機構(gòu) 37
第8章 未來面臨的數(shù)字化和新設(shè)計方法等方面的挑戰(zhàn) 40
第9章 核研究設(shè)施和基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施的重要性 44
第10章 教育與培訓(xùn)方面的挑戰(zhàn) 47
第11章 核電項目工程設(shè)計與管理 51
附錄C核電項目建設(shè)面臨的主要風(fēng)險 53
第12章 在控制成本與復(fù)雜度的同時保證安全 55
第13章 支持新興國家項目籌備的國際路線的合理性 58
第14章 核電活動50年來對人類健康影響的評估 62
14.1正常運行時的輻射照射 62
14.2核電站及其他核設(shè)施事故傷亡及健康影響評估 63
附錄D輻射照射劑量水平和健康效應(yīng) 65
第15章 相對于實際危險的風(fēng)險認(rèn)知 67
15.1從心理學(xué)的角度分析核能風(fēng)險認(rèn)知 68
15.2從社會學(xué)的角度分析核能風(fēng)險認(rèn)知 69
15.3從傳播學(xué)的角度分析核能風(fēng)險認(rèn)知 69
15.4核能風(fēng)險認(rèn)知存在的問題、挑戰(zhàn)和困難 70
第16章 公眾認(rèn)識和管理要求提升 72
第17章 増進(jìn)公眾理解的組織、方法和不同利益相關(guān)方角色 76
詞匯表 79
后記 82
Contents
Synthesis and recommendations 84
Chapter 1 Introduction: The necessity of nuclear power in the future energy mix and challenges to overcome 89
Chapter 2 History, current situation, problems and challenges of nuclear development 93
Chapter 3 The feasibility and challenge for near and mid-term deployment of Gen-Ⅲ nuclear power plants 98
Chapter 4 Promises and challenges of new and innovative future reactor designs (Gen-F reactors) 103
4.1 Present situation 104
4.2 Major expected change 104
4.3 Promises of Gen-IV SFR and VHTR 106
Appendix A 108
A.1 Gen-initiatives in France 108
A.2 Gen-IV initiatives in China 111
Chapter 5 Promises and challenges of new innovative reactor concepts and technologies: Small modular reactors and advanced technologies 114
5.1 Small modular reactors 115
5.1.1 Research and development background 115
5.1.2 Renewed interest 115
5.1.3 SMR challenges and solution SMR 118
5.2 Innovative technologies to be implemented in large reactors 118
Chapter 6 Radioactive waste management status and outlook for the future 121
6.1 Fuel cycle strategy and RW characteristics 122
6.2 Progress on RW management 123
Appendix B 125
Chapter 7 Technical support organisations related to safety 132
Chapter 8 Challenges for the future, including digitalisation and novel design methodologies 137
Chapter 9 Importance of nuclear research facilities and infrastructures 142
Chapter 10 Challenges for education and training 146
Chapter 11 Engineering and managing nuclear projects 152
Appendix C Main risks of nuclear power project construction 155
Chapter 12 Assuring safety while keeping costs and complexity under control 157
Chapter 13 Pertinence of international approaches to supporting the preparation of projects in emeiging countries 161
Chapter 14 Human health assessment over fifty years of nuclear power activities 167
14.1 Radiation exposure from normal operations 168
14.2 Casualties and health effects evaluation of accidents at NPPs 169
Appendix D Dose levels and health effects of radiation exposure 172
Chapter 15 Risk perception relative to real hazard 174
15.1 Analysis of risk perception regarding nuclear energy from the perspective of psychology 176
15.2 Analysis of risk perception regarding nuclear energy from the perspective of sociology 177
15.3 Analysis of risk perception regarding nuclear energy from the perspective of communication 178
15.4 The problems，challenges and difficulties of nuclear risk perception 179
Chapter 16 Improvement of public awareness and governance requirement 181
Chapter 17 Organisation, methodologies and roles of the different stakeholders to improve public understanding 186
Glossary 190
Postscript 193