第1 章 軟件與軟件安全······································································································1
1.1 軟件安全范疇········································································································1
1.1.1 軟件與軟件安全的定義····················································································1
1.1.2 軟件缺陷與漏洞·····························································································3
1.1.3 軟件漏洞分類································································································6
1.1.4 軟件安全與其他安全的關(guān)系···········································································.12
1.2 軟件安全現(xiàn)狀·····································································································.15
1.2.1 軟件安全總體情況·······················································································.15
1.2.2 系統(tǒng)軟件安全現(xiàn)狀·······················································································.17
1.2.3 應(yīng)用軟件安全現(xiàn)狀·······················································································.18
1.2.4 開(kāi)源軟件安全現(xiàn)狀·······················································································.19
1.3 安全事件的根源··································································································.21
1.3.1 軟件漏洞是安全問(wèn)題的焦點(diǎn)···········································································.21
1.3.2 產(chǎn)生軟件漏洞的原因····················································································.24
1.4 緩解軟件安全問(wèn)題的途徑與方法··········································································.27
1.4.1 緩解軟件安全問(wèn)題的基本策略········································································.27
1.4.2 緩解軟件安全問(wèn)題的工程化方法·····································································.28
1.4.3 軟件安全問(wèn)題的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化、規(guī)范化解決之路·························································.29
1.4.4 緩解軟件安全問(wèn)題的技術(shù)探索與舉措·······························································.31
實(shí)踐任務(wù)···················································································································.34
任務(wù)1：相對(duì)路徑攻擊···························································································.34
任務(wù)2：SQL 注入攻擊··························································································.35
思考題······················································································································.35
第2 章 軟件的工程化安全方法·························································································.36
2.1 軟件工程概述·····································································································.36
2.1.1 軟件的發(fā)展過(guò)程··························································································.36
2.1.2 軟件危機(jī)···································································································.37
2.1.3 軟件工程···································································································.38
2.1.4 軟件生命周期·····························································································.40
2.2 軟件過(guò)程模型·····································································································.43
2.2.1 瀑布模型···································································································.44
2.2.2 快速原型模型·····························································································.45
2.2.3 增量模型···································································································.46
2.2.4 螺旋模型···································································································.47
2.2.5 微軟MSF 過(guò)程模型······················································································.48
2.3 軟件質(zhì)量與軟件的安全特性·················································································.49
2.3.1 軟件質(zhì)量···································································································.50
2.3.2 軟件的安全特性··························································································.52
2.3.3 軟件安全特性與軟件質(zhì)量的關(guān)系·····································································.53
2.3.4 確定所需安全特性·······················································································.54
2.3.5 改善軟件的安全特性····················································································.55
2.3.6 功能安全、安全功能與軟件安全·····································································.59
2.4 軟件安全過(guò)程模型······························································································.59
2.4.1 微軟SDL 模型····························································································.60
2.4.2 安全接觸點(diǎn)過(guò)程模型····················································································.64
2.4.3 實(shí)施軟件安全過(guò)程的建議··············································································.68
2.5 軟件安全開(kāi)發(fā)初體驗(yàn)···························································································.72
2.5.1 賬號(hào)安全···································································································.72
2.5.2 簡(jiǎn)單的口令驗(yàn)證及其破解示例········································································.74
2.5.3 用戶操作的隨意性·······················································································.77
實(shí)踐任務(wù)···················································································································.80
任務(wù)1：網(wǎng)絡(luò)監(jiān)聽(tīng)與https 的配置··············································································.80
任務(wù)2：MD5 動(dòng)態(tài)加鹽防篡改·················································································.80
任務(wù)3：暴力破解登錄密碼·····················································································.81
思考題······················································································································.82
第3 章 軟件安全風(fēng)險(xiǎn)管理·······························································································.82
3.1 風(fēng)險(xiǎn)管理的基本過(guò)程與方法·················································································.82
3.1.1 風(fēng)險(xiǎn)管理的定義··························································································.82
3.1.2 軟件安全風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)估基本要素及其關(guān)系·······························································.83
3.1.3 軟件安全風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)估基本流程···········································································.85
3.1.4 手動(dòng)評(píng)估和工具輔助評(píng)估··············································································.89
3.1.5 風(fēng)險(xiǎn)控制···································································································.90
3.2 軟件安全風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)估······························································································.90
3.2.1 評(píng)估準(zhǔn)備···································································································.91
3.2.2 軟件安全風(fēng)險(xiǎn)識(shí)別·······················································································.93
3.2.3 軟件安全風(fēng)險(xiǎn)分析·······················································································.95
3.2.4 基于DREAD 模型的威脅評(píng)級(jí)········································································.97
3.2.5 基于標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的漏洞等級(jí)劃分··············································································.99
3.2.6 基于形式化方法的軟件安全風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)估·······························································103
3.3 軟件安全風(fēng)險(xiǎn)控制······························································································108
3.3.1 基于風(fēng)險(xiǎn)管理框架的安全風(fēng)險(xiǎn)控制··································································108
3.3.2 基于軟件項(xiàng)目風(fēng)險(xiǎn)管理的安全風(fēng)險(xiǎn)控制···························································.111
3.3.3 軟件供應(yīng)鏈安全風(fēng)險(xiǎn)控制·············································································.111
3.4 軟件安全能力成熟度模型····················································································112
3.4.1 安全性能力成熟度模型·················································································113
3.4.2 軟件保障成熟度模型····················································································117
3.4.3 安全構(gòu)建成熟度模型····················································································125
3.4.4 系統(tǒng)安全工程能力成熟度模型········································································129
實(shí)踐任務(wù)···················································································································137
任務(wù)1：Web 安全現(xiàn)狀調(diào)研與Web 應(yīng)用防火墻（WAF）原理分析···································137
任務(wù)2：CWE“軟件開(kāi)發(fā)視圖”（CWE-699）研習(xí)························································138
思考題······················································································································138
第4 章 軟件需求與安全需求····························································································139
4.1 軟件需求與需求工程···························································································139
4.1.1 軟件需求的定義與分類·················································································139
4.1.2 需求工程概述·····························································································143
4.1.3 安全需求工程·····························································································144
4.2 需求引出············································································································145
4.2.1 需求引出過(guò)程·····························································································145
4.2.2 安全需求引出源··························································································147
4.2.3 提取安全需求的基本方法··············································································150
4.3 需求分析建模·····································································································150
4.3.1 分析建模的任務(wù)··························································································150
4.3.2 需求分析的基本方法····················································································151
4.3.3 安全需求分析的策略與方法···········································································157
4.3.4 基于誤用例和濫用例的安全需求分析·······························································169
4.4 需求定義與需求驗(yàn)證···························································································173
4.4.1 需求定義···································································································173
4.4.2 需求驗(yàn)證···································································································176
4.5 安全質(zhì)量需求工程簡(jiǎn)介························································································178
4.6 需求變更及其風(fēng)險(xiǎn)控制························································································180
4.6.1 需求變更···································································································180
4.6.2 需求變更的負(fù)面影響····················································································181
4.6.3 需求變更風(fēng)險(xiǎn)控制·······················································································182
實(shí)踐任務(wù)···················································································································182
任務(wù)1：結(jié)構(gòu)化需求分析························································································182
任務(wù)2：基于誤用例的安全需求分析·········································································183
思考題······················································································································183
第5 章 安全設(shè)計(jì)·············································································································184
5.1 軟件設(shè)計(jì)概述·····································································································184
5.1.1 軟件設(shè)計(jì)基本概念·······················································································184
5.1.2 軟件概要設(shè)計(jì)·····························································································184
5.1.3 軟件詳細(xì)設(shè)計(jì)·····························································································191
5.2 安全設(shè)計(jì)及其原則······························································································191
5.2.1 安全設(shè)計(jì)目標(biāo)與設(shè)計(jì)內(nèi)容··············································································191
5.2.2 安全設(shè)計(jì)原則·····························································································192
5.2.3 制訂安全計(jì)劃·····························································································196
5.3 安全策略與安全模型···························································································197
5.3.1 多級(jí)安全策略·····························································································197
5.3.2 商業(yè)安全策略·····························································································198
5.3.3 安全模型···································································································199
5.3.4 面向云計(jì)算的訪問(wèn)控制·················································································201
5.4 威脅建�！ぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁ�201
5.4.1 威脅建模的作用··························································································201
5.4.2 威脅建模方法·····························································································202
5.4.3 威脅建模過(guò)程·····························································································207
5.4.4 威脅建模示例·····························································································210
5.5 基于復(fù)用的軟件安全設(shè)計(jì)····················································································216
5.5.1 攻擊樹(shù)及其緩解措施的復(fù)用···········································································216
5.5.2 基于安全模式的軟件設(shè)計(jì)··············································································216
5.5.3 常用安全功能設(shè)計(jì)·······················································································217
5.6 基于容錯(cuò)技術(shù)的功能安全設(shè)計(jì)··············································································223
5.6.1 軟件容錯(cuò)···································································································223
5.6.2 基于容錯(cuò)的抗攻擊措施·················································································225
5.7 軟件體系結(jié)構(gòu)與安全設(shè)計(jì)分析··············································································226
5.7.1 軟件體系結(jié)構(gòu)·····························································································226
5.7.2 軟件體系結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)用·······················································································230
5.7.3 安全體系結(jié)構(gòu)·····························································································234
5.7.4 體系結(jié)構(gòu)分析與安全設(shè)計(jì)分析········································································238
5.7.5 安全設(shè)計(jì)常見(jiàn)問(wèn)題·······················································································240
實(shí)踐任務(wù)···················································································································240
任務(wù)1：結(jié)構(gòu)化設(shè)計(jì)與威脅建�！ぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁぁ�240
任務(wù)2：安全體系結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)·····················································································241
任務(wù)3：訪問(wèn)控制設(shè)計(jì)···························································································241
思考題······················································································································242
第6 章 安全編碼與代碼審核····························································································243
6.1 軟件編碼概述·····································································································243
6.1.1 軟件編碼···································································································243
6.1.2 編碼規(guī)范···································································································244
6.1.3 代碼檢查···································································································246
6.2 安全編碼規(guī)范·····································································································247
6.2.1 安全編碼建議·····························································································247
6.2.2 應(yīng)用軟件安全編程國(guó)家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)···········································································250
6.2.3 SEI CERT 安全編碼系列標(biāo)準(zhǔn)··········································································257
6.2.4 ISO/IEC C 安全編碼規(guī)則···············································································269
6.2.5 面向特定行業(yè)領(lǐng)域的安全編碼規(guī)則··································································270
6.3 安全編碼過(guò)程管理與代碼安全審核·······································································273
6.3.1 安全編碼過(guò)程管理·······················································································273
6.3.2 源代碼靜態(tài)安全分析····················································································274
6.3.3 代碼安全審核·····························································································278
實(shí)踐任務(wù)···················································································································281
任務(wù)1：安全登錄模塊的實(shí)現(xiàn)··················································································281
任務(wù)2：代碼安全分析···························································································282
任務(wù)3：ASLR、DEP 與棧保護(hù)················································································282
思考題······················································································································283
第7 章 軟件測(cè)試與安全分析····························································································284
7.1 軟件測(cè)試············································································································284
7.1.1 軟件測(cè)試及其目標(biāo)·······················································································284
7.1.2 軟件測(cè)試基本原則·······················································································285
7.1.3 軟件測(cè)試分類·····························································································286
7.1.4 軟件測(cè)試過(guò)程·····························································································289
7.1.5 軟件測(cè)試過(guò)程模型·······················································································291
7.2 軟件安全測(cè)試·····································································································293
7.2.1 安全測(cè)試及其與傳統(tǒng)測(cè)試的區(qū)別·····································································294
7.2.2 軟件安全測(cè)試分類·······················································································295
7.2.3 軟件安全測(cè)試基本流程·················································································300
7.3 二進(jìn)制程序安全分析···························································································303
7.3.1 語(yǔ)法語(yǔ)義與二進(jìn)制程序分析···········································································304
7.3.2 二進(jìn)制代碼分析常用技術(shù)··············································································307
7.3.3 二進(jìn)制代碼相似性分析·················································································309
7.4 典型的軟件安全測(cè)試技術(shù)····················································································312
7.4.1 典型安全測(cè)試技術(shù)概述·················································································312
7.4.2 模糊測(cè)試···································································································313
7.4.3 滲透測(cè)試···································································································319
7.5 軟件安全合規(guī)性審核···························································································321
實(shí)踐任務(wù)···················································································································321
任務(wù)1：基于AWVS 的Web 漏洞掃描·······································································321
任務(wù)2：基于AFL 的模糊測(cè)試·················································································322
思考題······················································································································323
第8 章 軟件部署運(yùn)維與軟件保護(hù)·····················································································324
8.1 軟件部署與安全配置···························································································324
8.1.1 軟件部署···································································································324
8.1.2 安全配置···································································································325
8.1.3 應(yīng)用程序的容器化部署·················································································326
8.2 系統(tǒng)運(yùn)維與應(yīng)急響應(yīng)···························································································327
8.2.1 系統(tǒng)運(yùn)維···································································································327
8.2.2 應(yīng)急響應(yīng)···································································································328
8.3 軟件保護(hù)與軟件加固···························································································330
8.3.1 軟件反逆向分析··························································································330
8.3.2 軟件防篡改································································································333
8.3.3 軟件版權(quán)保護(hù)·····························································································335
8.3.4 軟件加固···································································································336
實(shí)踐任務(wù)···················································································································338
任務(wù)1：Web 應(yīng)用Java Script 代碼安全發(fā)布································································338
任務(wù)2：Apache HTTP 服務(wù)器安全配置······································································338
思考題······················································································································339
參考文獻(xiàn)··························································································································340