Preface SECTION I Survey1 Applied linguistics The need for applied linguistics Examples and procedures The scope of applied linguistics Linguistics and applied linguistics: a difficult relatiohip2 Prescribing and describing: popular and academic views of'correctness' Children's language at home and school Description veus prescription An applied linguistics pepective3 Languages in the contemporary world Language and languages Attitudes to languages The languages of natio: boundaries and relatiohips The growth of English English and Englishes Native speake English as a Lingua Franca (ELF)4 English Language Teaching (ELT) Grammar-tralation language teaching The direct method 'Natural' language learning The communicative approach5 Language and communication Knowing a language Linguistic competence Communicative competence The influence of communicative competence6 Context and culture Systematizing context: discoue analysis Culture Tralation, culture, and context Own language: rights and undetanding Teaching culture7 Peuasion and poetics; rhetoric and resistance Literary stylistics Language and peuasion Critical Discoue Analysis (CDA)8 Past, present, and future directio Early orientation Subsequent changes Second-Language Acquisition (SLA) Corpus linguistics Being applied Critical Applied Linguistics (CALx) 'Post-modern' applied linguistics A harder future: mediation SECTION 2 Readings SECTION 3 References SECTION 4 Glossary