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本書是已出版的<南京大屠殺史>的英文譯著,內(nèi)容/結(jié)構(gòu)/篇章均保持原貌,完整全面客觀理性地論述南京大屠殺事件本身,由旅美華裔歷史學者翻譯,期使西方世界跨越語言隔閡,了解南京大屠殺.以增加世界和平正能量,維護二戰(zhàn)后建立的和平秩序.

　　The Nanjing Massacre is known as one of the darkest pages in twentieth-century world history. For various reasons， however， this historical tragedy remained relatively unknown to the general public in the West until the 1997 publication of Iris Chang's popular book， The Rape of Nanking： The Forgotten Holocaust of World War H. Since then， the topic has drawn more attention. At the same time， continuing denial of the massacre by right-wing Japanese scholars and politicians makes this topic no longer merely a historical event， but also part of the ongoing political discourse， particularly in East Asian countries. The publication of this translation， we believe， will provide the Western audience with a more comprehensive understanding of this atrocity and its repercussions.
　　fhis volume， A History of the Nanjing Massacre， is an important work deserving our attention. It is the first comprehensive narration of the massacre written by a group of Chinese scholars from Nanjing. From the fall of the city， to the atrocities themselves， to the international community's efforts to save refugees， and finally to the trials of the war criminals， the book offers a complete story of the massacre from the Chinese， Japanese， and Western perspectives.
　　In addition， the text is based substantially upon a newly published source collection. Beginning in the year 2000， Professor Zhang Xianwen of Nanjing University， working with scholars in 20 universities and research institutions in China and abroad， led a team to collect all historical sources on the Nanjing Massacre worldwide， including archived government documents， newspaper reports， personal recollections of survivors and participants， and many other relevant sources. This massive effort resulted in the publication of 72 volumes of history-nearly 40 million Chinese characters-which is now the most comprehensive collection on the topic.2 The collection greatly contributes to the study of the Nanjing Massacre in particular but also offers further understanding of war atrocities and genocide in general. This book， as the reader will see， is a direct product of this source collection.
　　About a year ago， Professor Zhang approached Kan Liang， his former student， to seek possible translators for the book. Kan immediately recommended Michelle LeSourd， his former classmate at the Hopkins-Nanjing Center for Chinese and American Studies and a graduate of Pomona College in Chinese language and literature. As a professional Chinese-English translator since 2002， she has translated or edited a variety of academic journal articles and monographs. Kan Liang earned his doctorate at Yale University and is currently associate professor of history and associate dean at Seattle University. Michelle was responsible for translating the text and performing English citation research， while Kan acted as editor and proofreader.
　　Throughout the text， we chose to use Hanyu Pinyin to transliterate Chinese personal and place names， unless universally known by another spelling， and Hepburn romanization for Japanese names. Chinese and Japanese names are presented surname first， unless in an Anglicized form. To facilitate the Western reader's understanding， some background explanations are added in the text and footnotes.
　　We would like to take this opportunity to thank the following individuals. First， we thank Professor Zhang Xianwen， who entrusted us with this meaningful project. Lisa Maynard provided meticulous copyediting for the entire English manuscript， and Erika Kinno offered crucial assistance with the many Japanese names and publication titles. We also thank Lu Jing of Nanjing University， who oversaw day-to-day communications and logistics for the translation and answered many questions arising in the process. At Nanjing University Press， editor Zhang Shuwen diligently and quickly caught errors in the manuscript， while editor Li Hongmin performed significant preparatory work for the publication.

Preface to English Edition Introduction Part I. The Nanjing Massacre: Atrocities Committed by Japanese Army / 3 Part II. Japanese Atrocities on Trial: Condemnation and Justice from China and International Community / 12 Part III. Japan’s Right Wing: Support for War and Faulty View of Nanjing Massacre / 19 1. Glorifi cation of Aggression / 20 2. Denial of Nanjing Massacre / 22 Part IV. Historical Materials: Collection, Publication, and Research / 27 Chapter One: The Battle of Nanjing Part I. Pre-war Nanjing / 43 1. Nanjing as the Nationalist Government Capital / 43 2. Nanjing’s Administrative Organization and Divisions / 44 3. Changes in Urban and Rural Populations / 48 Part II. Japanese Advance on Nanjing and Nationalist Government Response / 55 1. Japanese Westward Advance after Occupying Shanghai / 55 2. Japanese Air Strikes on Nanjing and Chinese Anti-Aircraft Operations / 59 3. Nationalist Government Measures to Defend Nanjing / 62 Part III. Fierce Battles at Main and Alternate Positions on City Periphery / 66 1. Contest for Main Peripheral Positions / 66 2. Defense Forces Adjust Positions and the Japanese Urge Surrender / 72 3. Battles to Defend the City / 74 Part IV. Japanese Capture of Nanjing / 85 1. Japanese Occupation of Nanjing / 85 2. Atrocities Along the Route / 94 3. Attacks on British and American Ships / 98 Chapter Two: The Massacre that Shocked the World Part I. “Disposal” of Prisoners and “Mop-Up Operations” / 103 1. “Disposal” of Prisoners of War During Siege of Nanjing / 103 2. “Mop-Up” Orders and “Mop-Up Operations” / 109 Part II. Collective Massacres / 116 1. Collective Massacres Near Yangtze River / 116 2. Manhunts Inside Safety Zone and Collective Massacres Inside and Outside City / 124 Part III. Scattered Killings / 147 1. Scattered Killings Inside City / 147 2. Scattered Killings Inside Safety Zone / 153 3. Scattered Killings in Nearby Suburbs / 158 Chapter Three: Sexual Violence on a Massive Scale Part I. Rape of Chinese Women / 165 1. Rape by Japanese Soldiers / 165 2. The Suffering of Victims / 169 3. Westerners Witness Sexual Violence / 172 Part II. Perverted Acts of Sexual Violence / 179 1. Gang Rape / 179 2. Forced Incest and Abusive Sexual Escapades / 184 3. Rape and Murder / 188 Part III. Japanese Army “Comfort Stations” and “Comfort Women” / 194 1. Establishment of Comfort Stations in Nanjing / 194 2. Types of Comfort Stations in Nanjing / 196 3. Management of Comfort Stations in Nanjing / 206 4. The Suffering of “Comfort Women” / 211 Chapter Four: Looting, Burning, and Destruction Part I. Looting / 221 1. Looting of Public and Private Property / 221 2. Seizure of Foreign Property / 230 3. Looting Books and Cultural Relics / 237 Part II. Burning / 244 1. Large-Scale Burning / 244 2. Scattered Burning / 247 3. Organized Arson / 249 Part III. Destruction of the City / 254 1. Destruction of Purple Mountain Scenic Area / 254 2. Destruction of Historical and Cultural Buildings / 256 3. Occupation and Demolition of Houses and Ancient Architecture / 261 Chapter Five: Relief Efforts of International Committee of the Nanjing Safety Zone Part I. Establishment of Nanjing International Safety Zone / 269 1. Westerners Advocate for Safety Zone / 269 2. Attitudes of China and Japan Toward Safety Zone / 274 3. Establishment of Nanjing International Safety Zone / 278 Part II. International Committee Refugee Protection and Relief Efforts / 282 1. Institution to Organize and Manage Safety Zone / 282 2. Distribution of Refugee Camps and Settlement of Refugees / 285 3. Refugee Relief / 289 4. Protection and Rescue of Refugees / 293 Part III. Change in Japanese Attitude Toward Safety Zone / 299 1. Tacit Acknowledgment of Safety Zone During Initial Occupation / 299 2. International Committee Efforts to Cooperate with Japanese Authorities / 305 3. Japanese Hostility Toward and Marginalization of International Committee / 308 4. Dissolution of International Committee and Closure of Safety Zone / 315 Chapter Six: Nanjing Under Japanese Rule Part I. Control by the Japanese Army / 325 1. Military Control / 325 2. Social and Economic Control / 329 Part II. Puppet Nanjing Self-Government Committee / 333 1. Establishment of Nanjing Self-Government Committee / 333 2. Activities of Self-Government Committee / 336 Part III. Burial and Disposal of Victims’ Bodies / 340 1. Burial by Charitable Groups / 340 2. Japanese Army’s Disposal of Bodies / 348 Part IV. The Lives of Nanjing Citizens Under Japanese Rule / 356 1. The Japanese Whitewash of “Peace and Prosperity” / 356 2. Living Conditions in the City / 360 3. Living Conditions of Suburban Farmers / 363 4. Refugees’ State of Mind During Nanjing Massacre / 366 Chapter Seven: Chinese Reporting on the Nanjing Massacre Part I. Chinese Media Reports / 373 1. Media Coverage in Kuomintang-Controlled Areas / 373 2. Chinese Communist Party Media Coverage / 379 Part II. Revelations of Nanjing Massacre Survivors / 386 1. Revelations of Soldiers Fleeing Nanjing / 386 2. Revelations of Refugees in Nanjing / 391 Part III. Publicity by Chinese Authorities / 398 1. Overseas Publicity by International Publicity Offi ce / 398 2. Publications by the Military Affairs Commission Political Department / 407 Chapter Eight: Reaction to Nanjing Massacre of the International Community and Japan Part I. Reaction of the United States / 411 1. News Media Coverage / 411 2. Offi cial Reaction / 413 Part II. Reaction of Germany / 418 1. Offi cial Reaction / 418 2. 2. Change in Government Attitude / 422 Part III. Reaction of the United Kingdom / 426 1. News Media Coverage / 426 2. Offi cial Reaction / 430 Part IV. Reactions of Spain, Italy, and the Soviet Union / 433 1. Reaction of Spain / 433 2. Reactions of Italy and the Soviet Union / 434 Part V. Reaction of Japan / 438 1. Offi cial Reaction / 438 2. News Media Coverage and Public Reaction / 452 Chapter Nine: Post-War Investigations and Tribunals Part I. Post-War Investigations / 465 1. Nanjing Enemy Crimes Investigation Commission / 465 2. Nanjing War of Resistance Losses Survey Commission / 472 3. War Crimes Investigation of Nanjing Massacre / 479 Part II. Nanjing Tribunal / 485 1. Policies and Procedures for Trying Japanese War Criminals / 485 2. Filing Nanjing Massacre War Criminal Cases / 488 3. Tribunal Trials and Judgments / 492 Part III. Tokyo Tribunal / 505 1. Creation of International Military Tribunal for the Far East / 505 2. Collection of Evidence / 508 3. Nanjing Massacre Hearings / 516 4. Matsui Iwane Found Guilty / 519 5. Tribunal Judgment and Dissenting Opinions / 530 Index Contributors

　　《南京大屠殺史（英文版）》：
　　On New Year's Day 1912, Sun Yat-sen was sworn in as president in Nanjing, establishing the Provisional Government of the Republic of China, with Nanjing as its capital. Three months later, Sun Yat-sen ceded power to the north China warlord Yuan Shikai, in order to facilitate the abdication of the Qing emperor and lay the foundation of a republic. The capital of the Republic of China was relocated to Beijing. After the Beijin.g government was established, Yuan perversely attempted to restore the monarchy, forcing the Nationalists to continue their revolution in opposition to the northern （Beiyang） warlords. As the Northern Expedition began in 1926, the Republic of China's National Revolutionary Army moved across south China and the capital was moved to Wuhan, upstream from Nanjing on the Yangtze River. Their objective was to advance northward toward the Beiyang regime in Beijing. Northern Expedition commander Chiang Kai-shek instead decided to use his military authority to command the army to move southeast and capture Nanjing. There, he hastily established a separate Kuomintang Central Committee and a Nationalist Government. On April 18, 1927, Chiang Kai-shek ordered the publication of the "Declaration of the Establishment of the Nationalist Government Capital in Nanjing," announcing the establishment of the government and the opening of government offices as of that date. Nanjing became the nation's capital and political center.
　　After the Nationalist Government was established in Nanjing in 1927, the name Jinling, given to the city by the Beiyang government, was changed back to Nanjing, according to the National Interim Administrative Area Plan. Liu Jiwen was appointed mayor. On April 24, Liu announced his inauguration by telegram and held a ceremony opening city government offices and inaugurating the mayor at the old imperial examination site in the Confucius Temple neighborhood. This was the beginning of a municipal administrative system in Nanjing and the first municipal-level administrative area established in China.
　　In 1928, the Nationalist Government hired the renowned American architect Henry K. Murphy （1877-1954） as a consultant in charge of urban design in Nanjing. He was assisted by Lu Yanzhi, who had studied in the United States while a student at Tsinghua University. By the end of 1929, the Capital Construction Commission had produced a Capital Plan, and it was officially announced by the Nationalist Government the following year. The Capital Plan was the most comprehensive urban plan for Nanjing during China's Republican era, and it laid the foundation for the development and construction of the city before the War of Resistance.
　　Between 1928 and 1937, under the Nationalist Government's efforts and the guidance of the Capital Plan, urban construction in Nanjing made significant progress. A number of central government agency, enterprise, education, health, business, entertainment, and Republic memorial facilities were built. Renowned Republican era landmarks came into being during this time, including the Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum, Zhongshan Avenue, the Central Mall, the Ministry of Railways Building, and Central Stadium. The city of Nanjing acquired a new look.
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