Foreword
1 Overview： How politics permeates language (and vice versa)
1．1 What does it mean to say thatlanguage is political?
1．2 The politics ofdifferent ways ofspeaking
1．3 The politics oftalking to others
1．4 The politics ofwhat 'the language'is
1．5 The politics ofwhich language to speak
1．6 The politics ofpolicing the language
1．7 Language， thought and politiaans
1．8 Language and choice
1．9 Conclusion： Language is political from top to bottom Notes

2 Language and nation
2．1 Them and us
2．2 What is or isnt 'a language'
2．3 The role ofwriting
2．4 Constructing 'the language' by controlling variation
2．5 Language， knowledge and power
2．6 How newlanguages emerge： From 'falling standards' to ‘World Englishes'
2．7 Oppression and identity
Suggestedfurtherreading
Notes

3 The social politics oflanguage choice and linguistic correaness
3．1 Hearers as speakers
3．2 Thedenialofheteroglossia
3．3 The role ofeducation
3．4 Linguisticimperialism
3．5 Languagerights
3．6 The linguistic performance ofminority identities
Suggested further reading
Notes

4 Politics embeddedin language
4．1 Struggle in the sign
4．2 Struggle in interaction
4．3 Deferentialaddress
4．4 Genderedlanguage
4．5 Powerless'language
4．6 The politics oflanguage change
Suggested further reading
Notes

5 Taboolanguage andits restriction
5．1 Swearing
5．2 Thelanguage police state
5．3 The politics of(self-)censorship
5．4 Hatespeech
5．5 The right to hear no evil?
Suggested further reading
Notes

6 Rhetoric，propagandaandinterpretation
6．1 Rhetoric versus truth?
6．2 Language， thought and reality
6．3 Propagandaanxiety
6．4 Newspeak
6．5 Linguistic creativity and manufacturing consent
6．6 Critical Discourse Analysis
6．7 The function oflanguage in a democracy
Suggested further reading
Notes

7 Conclusion： Power， hegemony and choices
7．1 Agency
7．2 Broccolitheory
7．3 Conclusions
7．4 Implications and applications
References
Index