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物聯(lián)網(wǎng)與智慧醫(yī)療 讀者對象:本書從基礎(chǔ)理論到技術(shù)應(yīng)用,從醫(yī)療實(shí)踐到流程優(yōu)化,內(nèi)容翔實(shí),全面系統(tǒng),可以作為醫(yī)院管理者、醫(yī)生和醫(yī)技人員、研發(fā)部門、企業(yè)院校、軟硬件開發(fā)人員,以及醫(yī)療設(shè)備生產(chǎn)使用的參考書。
物聯(lián)網(wǎng)是新一代信息網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)的高度集成和綜合運(yùn)用。大力推進(jìn)物聯(lián)網(wǎng)技術(shù),進(jìn)而實(shí)現(xiàn)智慧醫(yī)療發(fā)展目標(biāo),是本書要闡述的內(nèi)容。全書共分12 章。第1 章介紹了醫(yī)學(xué)信息學(xué)基礎(chǔ)。第2 章和第3 章介紹了物聯(lián)網(wǎng)在醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生領(lǐng)域涉及的主要技術(shù)及基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施。第4 章介紹了物聯(lián)網(wǎng)在醫(yī)院信息化建設(shè)中的應(yīng)用。第5 章重點(diǎn)介紹了物聯(lián)網(wǎng)與智慧化臨床管理。第6 章介紹了物聯(lián)網(wǎng)在醫(yī)院管理中的應(yīng)用。第7 章介紹了物聯(lián)網(wǎng)在中醫(yī)現(xiàn)代化中的應(yīng)用。第8 章和第9 章講述了物聯(lián)網(wǎng)與公共衛(wèi)生,以及物聯(lián)網(wǎng)在醫(yī)療質(zhì)量安全管理方面的應(yīng)用。第10 章介紹了物聯(lián)網(wǎng)在醫(yī)院環(huán)境管理,如樓宇智能控制、智慧型手術(shù)室等方面的應(yīng)用。第11 章講述了物聯(lián)網(wǎng)在醫(yī)院物流,如藥品流通、設(shè)備管理等方面的應(yīng)用。第12 章為結(jié)語。本書從基礎(chǔ)理論到技術(shù)應(yīng)用,從醫(yī)療實(shí)踐到流程優(yōu)化,內(nèi)容翔實(shí),全面系統(tǒng),可以作為醫(yī)院管理者、醫(yī)生和醫(yī)技人員、研發(fā)部門、企業(yè)院校、軟硬件開發(fā)人員,以及醫(yī)療設(shè)備生產(chǎn)使用的參考書。
高燕婕,研究員,中國女醫(yī)師協(xié)會副秘書長,原衛(wèi)生部信息化領(lǐng)導(dǎo)小組辦公室副主任。從事全國衛(wèi)生行業(yè)信息化管理推進(jìn)工作30余年,制定了一系列國家衛(wèi)生信息化政策及技術(shù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn),掌握衛(wèi)生領(lǐng)域信息化現(xiàn)狀需求與未來發(fā)展方向等資源與管理技術(shù)。1993年從美國留學(xué)歸來后,積極投身中國衛(wèi)生信息化管理事業(yè),提出并完成了一系列醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生行業(yè)信息化建設(shè)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、規(guī)劃、政策及模式的制定工作;承擔(dān)了多項(xiàng)衛(wèi)生信息化建設(shè)工程與科技攻關(guān)項(xiàng)目,國家信息化建設(shè)重大項(xiàng)目,獲得了原國務(wù)院信息化工作辦公室、國家金卡工程協(xié)調(diào)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)小組辦公室、科學(xué)技術(shù)部、工業(yè)和信息化部、原衛(wèi)生部等部委及本行業(yè)的多次獎(jiǎng)勵(lì),被評為中國十大IT優(yōu)秀科研女性。
第1章 醫(yī)學(xué)信息學(xué)基礎(chǔ) .............................................................................. 001
1.1 醫(yī)學(xué)信息學(xué)的基本理論 ················································.001 1.1.1 醫(yī)學(xué)信息學(xué)的內(nèi)涵 ··············································.001 1.1.2 醫(yī)學(xué)信息學(xué)的研究內(nèi)容 ········································.002 1.2 醫(yī)院信息系統(tǒng) ····························································.003 1.2.1 概念 ································································.003 1.2.2 功能劃分 ··························································.004 1.2.3 社區(qū)衛(wèi)生服務(wù)信息系統(tǒng) ········································.007 1.2.4 電子病歷 ··························································.009 1.3 健康檔案概述 ····························································.010 1.3.1 健康檔案管理信息系統(tǒng) ········································.011 1.3.2 健康信息的采集 ·················································.011 1.3.3 健康檔案管理信息系統(tǒng)的建立和管理 ······················.013 1.4 健康信息的共享與發(fā)展 ················································.015 第2章 物聯(lián)網(wǎng)在醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生領(lǐng)域應(yīng)用涉及的主要技術(shù) ............................ 018 2.1 通信技術(shù) ··································································.018 2.1.1 ZigBee 技術(shù) ·······················································.018 2.1.2 WiFi 技術(shù) ·························································.022 2.1.3 5G 通信技術(shù) ······················································.023 2.1.4 藍(lán)牙技術(shù) ··························································.024 2.2 識別技術(shù) ··································································.026 2.2.1 條碼技術(shù) ··························································.026 2.2.2 RFID 技術(shù) ·························································.028 2.3 傳感技術(shù) ··································································.030 2.4 信息處理技術(shù) ····························································.031 2.5 醫(yī)院實(shí)施應(yīng)用 ····························································.032 第3章 物聯(lián)網(wǎng)在醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生領(lǐng)域的應(yīng)用基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施 ................................... 034 3.1 概述 ········································································.034 3.2 物聯(lián)網(wǎng)的系統(tǒng)構(gòu)成 ······················································.035 3.2.1 DCM 架構(gòu) ·························································.035 3.2.2 醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生領(lǐng)域的物聯(lián)網(wǎng)DCM 關(guān)系 ··························.035 3.3 感知層 ·····································································.036 3.3.1 RFID 單元和感知設(shè)備 ··········································.036 3.3.2 智能卡 ·····························································.037 3.3.3 傳感識別和傳感網(wǎng) ··············································.038 3.3.4 RTLS ·······························································.040 3.3.5 激光掃描識別單元和感知設(shè)備 ·······························.040 3.4 通信網(wǎng)絡(luò)層 ·······························································.041 3.4.1 有線通信網(wǎng)絡(luò) ····················································.041 3.4.2 無線通信網(wǎng)絡(luò) ····················································.042 3.4.3 網(wǎng)絡(luò)平臺 ··························································.042 3.5 應(yīng)用管理層 ·······························································.044 3.5.1 中間件 ·····························································.044 3.5.2 數(shù)據(jù)管理和云計(jì)算 ··············································.045 3.5.3 系統(tǒng)集成 ··························································.045 3.6 公共技術(shù) ··································································.046 3.6.1 標(biāo)識與解析技術(shù) ·················································.046 3.6.2 安全技術(shù)(認(rèn)證與加密) ·····································.047 3.6.3 網(wǎng)絡(luò)管理和服務(wù)質(zhì)量管理 ·····································.047 第4章 物聯(lián)網(wǎng)與醫(yī)院信息化建設(shè) ........................................................ 049 4.1 概述 ········································································.049 4.2 醫(yī)院物聯(lián)網(wǎng)技術(shù)建設(shè)發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀········································.050 4.3 物聯(lián)網(wǎng)是醫(yī)院信息化建設(shè)的基礎(chǔ)平臺 ·······························.051 4.4 物聯(lián)網(wǎng)在醫(yī)院信息系統(tǒng)的應(yīng)用········································.052 4.4.1 門(急)診管理系統(tǒng) ···········································.052 4.4.2 住院管理系統(tǒng) ····················································.052 4.4.3 醫(yī)技管理系統(tǒng) ····················································.053 4.4.4 檢驗(yàn)信息管理系統(tǒng) ··············································.053 4.4.5 血庫管理系統(tǒng) ····················································.054 4.4.6 臨床信息系統(tǒng) ····················································.055 4.4.7 護(hù)理信息系統(tǒng) ····················································.055 4.4.8 遠(yuǎn)程手術(shù)、麻醉信息管理系統(tǒng) ·······························.056 4.4.9 病案管理系統(tǒng)和移動(dòng)電子病歷系統(tǒng) ·························.057 4.4.10 重癥或重點(diǎn)患者管理系統(tǒng) ····································.057 4.5 物聯(lián)網(wǎng)在智慧醫(yī)療中的業(yè)務(wù)應(yīng)用 ·····································.058 4.5.1 掛號分診排隊(duì)叫號系統(tǒng) ········································.058 4.5.2 臨床呼叫系統(tǒng) ····················································.058 4.5.3 手術(shù)示教系統(tǒng) ····················································.059 4.5.4 ICU 病房探視系統(tǒng) ··············································.059 4.5.5 遠(yuǎn)程醫(yī)療系統(tǒng) ····················································.060 4.5.6 遠(yuǎn)程會診 ··························································.060 4.5.7 遠(yuǎn)程醫(yī)療咨詢 ····················································.061 4.5.8 遠(yuǎn)程手術(shù) ··························································.061 4.5.9 遠(yuǎn)程聽診 ··························································.061 4.5.10 智能專家系統(tǒng) ···················································.062 4.6 物聯(lián)網(wǎng)在醫(yī)院運(yùn)營管理信息化中的應(yīng)用 ····························.063 4.6.1 設(shè)備管理系統(tǒng) ····················································.063 4.6.2 物資、材料管理系統(tǒng) ···········································.064 4.6.3 醫(yī)學(xué)文獻(xiàn)管理系統(tǒng) ··············································.064 4.7 綜合布線系統(tǒng) ····························································.065 4.7.1 機(jī)房工程系統(tǒng) ····················································.065 4.7.2 無線網(wǎng)絡(luò)覆蓋系統(tǒng) ··············································.066 4.7.3 門禁屏障系統(tǒng) ····················································.066 4.7.4 安全防范系統(tǒng) ····················································.067 第5 章 物聯(lián)網(wǎng)與智慧化臨床管理 ........................................................ 068 5.1 概述 ········································································.068 5.2 智能化電子病歷 ·························································.069 5.3 智慧化臨床路徑管理 ···················································.070 5.4 可穿戴設(shè)備、機(jī)器人、人工智能在臨床治療中的應(yīng)用 ·············.071 5.5 RFID 在門(急)診管理系統(tǒng)中的應(yīng)用 ·····························.072 5.5.1 門(急)診就診管理系統(tǒng)的運(yùn)行現(xiàn)狀 ······················.072 5.5.2 物聯(lián)網(wǎng)技術(shù)的應(yīng)用目標(biāo) ········································.072 5.5.3 工作流程優(yōu)化 ····················································.073 5.5.4 技術(shù)分析 ··························································.073 5.6 RFID 在患者管理系統(tǒng)中的應(yīng)用 ······································.074 5.6.1 技術(shù)應(yīng)用目標(biāo) ····················································.074 5.6.2 系統(tǒng)功能 ··························································.074 5.7 RFID 在嬰兒防盜系統(tǒng)上的應(yīng)用 ······································.075 5.7.1 系統(tǒng)組成 ··························································.075 5.7.2 系統(tǒng)實(shí)現(xiàn) ··························································.076 5.7.3 工作流程 ··························································.076 5.8 重點(diǎn)患者監(jiān)護(hù)及定位系統(tǒng) ·············································.077 5.8.1 應(yīng)用目標(biāo) ··························································.077 5.8.2 系統(tǒng)原理 ··························································.077 5.8.3 系統(tǒng)組成 ··························································.078 5.8.4 系統(tǒng)功能 ··························································.078 第6 章 物聯(lián)網(wǎng)在醫(yī)院管理中的應(yīng)用 .................................................... 079 6.1 概述 ········································································.079 6.1.1 現(xiàn)狀與問題 ·······················································.079 6.1.2 醫(yī)院資產(chǎn)管理 ····················································.080 6.1.3 血液管理 ··························································.081 6.1.4 醫(yī)療廢物管理 ····················································.082 6.1.5 醫(yī)院消毒物品管理 ··············································.083 6.1.6 其他應(yīng)用 ··························································.084 6.2 物聯(lián)網(wǎng)在員工管理領(lǐng)域的應(yīng)用········································.085 6.2.1 概述 ································································.085 6.2.2 基于物聯(lián)網(wǎng)技術(shù)的醫(yī)院一卡通技術(shù) ·························.086 6.2.3 門禁管理 ··························································.091 6.2.4 重要患者管理應(yīng)用 ··············································.091 6.3 全院移動(dòng)設(shè)備定位和監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)········································.092 6.4 消毒供應(yīng)中心監(jiān)控系統(tǒng) ················································.093 6.5 門禁系統(tǒng) ··································································.095 6.6 辦公區(qū)域安全管理系統(tǒng) ················································.096 6.6.1 系統(tǒng)介紹 ··························································.096 6.6.2 系統(tǒng)控制 ··························································.096 6.6.3 系統(tǒng)功能 ··························································.096 第7 章 物聯(lián)網(wǎng)與中醫(yī)現(xiàn)代化 ............................................................... 098 7.1 概述 ········································································.098 7.2 物聯(lián)網(wǎng)在中醫(yī)現(xiàn)代化中的應(yīng)用········································.099 7.2.1 物聯(lián)網(wǎng)感知中藥材追溯 ········································.099 7.2.2 物聯(lián)網(wǎng)在中醫(yī)把脈中的應(yīng)用 ··································.099 7.2.3 基于物聯(lián)網(wǎng)的中醫(yī)臨床科研信息系統(tǒng) ······················.101 7.2.4 基于物聯(lián)網(wǎng)技術(shù)的煎藥室質(zhì)量管理系統(tǒng) ···················.103 7.2.5 基于物聯(lián)網(wǎng)的中醫(yī)古籍管理 ··································.104 第8 章 物聯(lián)網(wǎng)與公共衛(wèi)生 .................................................................. 106 8.1 概述 ········································································.106 8.2 疫情管理與急性傳染病患者監(jiān)測 ·····································.107 8.3 防疫場所的智能識別、檢測及自動(dòng)消殺處理 ······················.108 8.4 建立公共衛(wèi)生智慧管理系統(tǒng)平臺 ·····································.108 第9 章 物聯(lián)網(wǎng)在醫(yī)療質(zhì)量安全管理方面的應(yīng)用 .................................. 110 9.1 概述 ········································································.110 9.2 醫(yī)療急救管理 ····························································.110 9.3 血液信息管理 ····························································.111 9.4 移動(dòng)門診輸液管理系統(tǒng) ················································.113 9.5 生命體征動(dòng)態(tài)監(jiān)測系統(tǒng) ················································.115 9.6 新生兒防盜與母嬰配對管理系統(tǒng) ·····································.117 9.7 移動(dòng)臨床護(hù)理系統(tǒng) ······················································.118 9.8 藥品的監(jiān)控管理 ·························································.120 9.9 臨床醫(yī)療護(hù)理管理 ······················································.121 9.10 住院患者行蹤定位及報(bào)警系統(tǒng) ······································.124 9.11 其他應(yīng)用 ·································································.125 第10 章 物聯(lián)網(wǎng)與醫(yī)院環(huán)境 ................................................................ 127 10.1 概述 ·······································································.127 10.2 樓宇智能控制與能源管理 ············································.128 10.2.1 樓宇自控系統(tǒng)的功能 ··········································.128 10.2.2 樓宇自控系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì) ··········································.129 10.3 醫(yī)院數(shù)字化供電設(shè)備管理 ············································.133 10.4 醫(yī)院及病房溫控系統(tǒng) ··················································.134 10.5 醫(yī)院涉密資產(chǎn)出入管理 ···············································.134 10.6 醫(yī)院智慧消防平臺 ·····················································.135 10.7 防盜報(bào)警系統(tǒng) ···························································.135 10.8 電梯遠(yuǎn)程監(jiān)控系統(tǒng) ·····················································.137 10.9 電話遙控系統(tǒng) ···························································.138 10.10 醫(yī)院安全監(jiān)控 ·························································.139 10.10.1 醫(yī)院監(jiān)控的必要性 ···········································.139 10.10.2 基本設(shè)計(jì)思想 ·················································.140 10.10.3 視頻監(jiān)控組成 ·················································.141 10.11 智慧型手術(shù)室 ··························································.146 10.11.1 手術(shù)室簡介 ····················································.146 10.11.2 手術(shù)室基本要求 ··············································.146 10.11.3 基于物聯(lián)網(wǎng)的智慧手術(shù)室 ··································.147 10.12 智能停車場管理系統(tǒng) ················································.149 10.12.1 車位引導(dǎo)系統(tǒng) ·················································.150 10.12.2 系統(tǒng)工作流程 ·················································.151 10.13 應(yīng)急管理 ·······························································.153 10.13.1 應(yīng)急照明 ·······················································.153 10.13.2 應(yīng)急照明的設(shè)計(jì) ··············································.154 10.13.3 智能應(yīng)急照明 ·················································.154 10.13.4 應(yīng)急廣播 ·······················································.155 10.14 智能病房 ·······························································.156 第11 章 物聯(lián)網(wǎng)與醫(yī)院物流 ........................................................................ 157 11.1 國外醫(yī)院物流發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀 ···············································.157 11.2 國內(nèi)醫(yī)院物流發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀 ···············································.158 11.3 物聯(lián)網(wǎng)技術(shù)與醫(yī)院物流 ···············································.159 11.3.1 醫(yī)院物流系統(tǒng)基本結(jié)構(gòu) ·······································.159 11.3.2 物聯(lián)網(wǎng)技術(shù)在藥品流通中的應(yīng)用 ···························.160 11.3.3 物聯(lián)網(wǎng)技術(shù)在設(shè)備管理中的應(yīng)用 ···························.162 11.3.4 物聯(lián)網(wǎng)技術(shù)在醫(yī)用耗材管理中的應(yīng)用 ·····················.164 11.3.5 物聯(lián)網(wǎng)技術(shù)在標(biāo)本管理中的應(yīng)用 ···························.166 第12章 結(jié)語 ......................................................................... 169
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