西方電影文化的歷史。《西方電影文化簡史》內(nèi)容豐富，講解通俗易懂，可作為各級各類學校相關專業(yè)的教材，也可作為大中專學生及各類從業(yè)人員素質(zhì)培養(yǎng)的理想教材，還可作為廣大讀者學習電影文化的參考書。
周文革，男，漢族，1966年生，湖南省茶陵縣人。1988年6月畢業(yè)于湖南湘潭師范學院（現(xiàn)為湖南科技大學）并留校工作。2004年6月獲中南大學外國語言學及應用語言學碩士學位�，F(xiàn)任湖南科技大學副教授、碩士生導師。先后在各類學術刊物公開發(fā)表論文二十余篇，主持湖南省社會科學規(guī)劃課題、湖南省教育廳科研課題和校級教改課題各一項。
CHAPTER 1 HISTORICAL HIGHLIGHTS
CHAPTER 2 CHRONOLOGY OF MAJOR EVENTS
CHAPTER 3 A LONG WAY TO MOVIES
3.1 Introduction
3.2 A Brief History of Pre-cinema
3.3 Pinhole images
3.4 The Camera Obscure Effect
3.5 The Magic Lantern
3.6 The Phantasmagoria
3.7 Persistence of Vision
3.8 Photography
3.9 Motion Study Analysis
3.10 Commercialization of Film
3.11 Historical Background
CHAPTER 4 MOST FAMOUS CHARACTERS IN THE HISTORY OF CINEMATOGRAPHY
CHAPTER 5 ACADEMY AWARD WINNERS AND OTHER MAJOR FILM
APPENDIX 1 TOP GROSSING FILMS OF ALL TIMES
APPENDIX 2 GLOSSARY
CHAPTER 1 HISTORICAL HIGHLIGHTS
In the period previous to the 1930s， the predominant form of filmmaking was that of the crank camera. This is not to say that motor-driven cameras were not possible.However， the motors to advance the film were so large that they were simply to cumbersome to be effective. Thus， it was the cameraman himself who would crank the film at a steady rate to expose the frames. When it came to showing the film， on the other hand， motor driven projectors were quite convenient， and by the 1920s a standard 24-frame per second was established for projecting films. Filming， however，remained unstandardized due to the inherent variation in recording speeds， since it depended directly on the cameraman. An experienced cameraman was capable of filming an entire film at approximately the same speed， yet often variations were made in the recording speed for dramatic effect. Decreasing the number of cranks， for example， exposed fewer frames and thus when projected at the standard 24 frames created the frenzied action that characterized much of the Vaudeville cinema.
The French filmmaker Georges Melies was among the first to employ changing backdrops and costumes to tell his story. Up until that point many films were only a few minutes long taking place on a single set. Changing sets and costumes opened avast range of new possibilities and spurred further growth in the fledgling industry. As the film industry expanded in America， filmmakers found an increasing need to establish a single location at which they could build sets and film undisturbed. The bright sunlight， relative stability of climate， and varied terrain found in California made it an ideal place to film， much of the reason for the industrys concentration there.
During this time， films were shot on a single reel， resulting in filmstrips that were only 15-20 minutes. Independent producers pioneered the use of double reel filmmaking during the years before the First World War. This allowed much longer films and opening the door for further opportunity， both financially and creatively， as well as bringing into being the double reel camera that became such an icon of movie production.
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