《社會(huì)契約論》又譯《民約論》，作者在書(shū)中系統(tǒng)地闡述天賦人權(quán)觀念，有力批駁了舊時(shí)代強(qiáng)者自有特權(quán)、奴役天生合理等論調(diào)，其主權(quán)在民的思想成為了法國(guó)大革命時(shí)期的一面旗幟，被寫(xiě)進(jìn)《人權(quán)宣言》，深刻地影響了整個(gè)歐洲廢除君主絕對(duì)權(quán)威的運(yùn)動(dòng)，是現(xiàn)代民主制度的基石。盧梭的這一精神和理想也體現(xiàn)在美國(guó)的《獨(dú)立宣言》和憲法中。
《論人類不平等的起源》可以說(shuō)是盧梭政治學(xué)說(shuō)的導(dǎo)言，他第一次提出私有制是人類不平等的起源這一鮮明的觀點(diǎn)，為其后寫(xiě)作的《社會(huì)契約論》奠定了基礎(chǔ)。
《社會(huì)契約論》闡揚(yáng)天賦人權(quán)觀念，開(kāi)啟歐洲大革命的新紀(jì)元。這一思想既是《人權(quán)宣言》的理論基石，同時(shí)，這一精神及理想又寫(xiě)入美國(guó)《獨(dú)立宣言》和憲法中，具有劃時(shí)代的意義。
CONTENTS
The Social Contract or Principles of Political Right
BOOK I
1. Subject of the First Book.................................................................2
2. The First Societies............................................................................3
3. The Right of the Strongest..............................................................5
4. Slavery ...............................................................................................6
5. That We Must Always Go back to a First Convention.................11
6. The Social Compact.........................................................................12
7. The Sovereign ...................................................................................14
8. The Civil State..................................................................................16
9. Real Property....................................................................................18
BOOK II
1. That Sovereignty is Inalienable .......................................................21
2. That Sovereignty is Indivisible........................................................22
3. Whether the General Will Is Fallible .............................................24
4. The Limits of the Sovereign Power................................................26
5. The Right of Life and Death...........................................................29
6. Law ....................................................................................................31
7. The Legislator ...................................................................................35
8. The People ........................................................................................39
9. The People (Continued) ..................................................................41
10. The People (Continued) ................................................................43
11. The Various Systems of Legislation...............................................46
12. The Division of the Laws...............................................................49
BOOK III
1. Government in General...................................................................51
2. The Constituent Principle in the Various Forms
of Government .....................................................................................57
3. The Division of Governments ........................................................59
4. Democracy........................................................................................61
5. Aristocracy ........................................................................................63
6. Monarchy..........................................................................................65
7. Mixed Governments ........................................................................71
8. That All Forms of Government Do Not Suit All Countries........72
9. The Marks of a Good Government ...............................................78
10. The Abuse of Government and Its Tendency to Degenerate ....79
11. The Death of the Body Politic.......................................................82
12. How the Sovereign Authority Maintains Itself............................84
13. The Same (Continued)....................................................................85
14. The Same (Continued) ...................................................................86
15. Deputies or Representatives..........................................................87
16. That the Institution of Government Is Not a Contract ............91
17. The Institution of Government ....................................................92
18. How to Check the Usurpations of Government.........................94
BOOK IV
1. That the General Will Is Indestructible.........................................97
2. Voting ................................................................................................99
3. Elections............................................................................................102
4. The Roman Comitia ........................................................................104
5. The Tribunate....................................................................................115
6. The Dictatorship..............................................................................117
7. The Censorship.................................................................................120
8. Civil Religion ....................................................................................122
9. Conclusion........................................................................................133
A Discourse upon the Origin and the Foundation of the Inequality among Mankind
Introductory Note ...................................................................................136
QUESTION Proposed by the Academy of Dijon................................138
A Discourse upon the Origin and the Foundation of the Inequality .............................................................................................139
Part I .........................................................................................................143
Part II........................................................................................................178
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