Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics（化工熱力學(xué)）
《Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics》（化工熱力學(xué)）共8章，第1章介紹了化工熱力學(xué)的用途、研究?jī)?nèi)容、研究特點(diǎn)和基本定律；第2章交代了純物質(zhì)的相態(tài)變化、純物質(zhì)的p-V-T關(guān)系、氣體的狀態(tài)方程和對(duì)比態(tài)原理及其應(yīng)用；第3章詳細(xì)討論了熱力學(xué)性質(zhì)間的關(guān)系和熱力學(xué)性質(zhì)的計(jì)算；第4章介紹了剩余性質(zhì)的定義，闡述了多組分混合物的熱力學(xué)、混合物的實(shí)際熱力學(xué)行為，不同二元混合物的混合摩爾體積、偏摩爾吉布斯能、偏摩爾體積和焓的實(shí)驗(yàn)測(cè)定，從實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)計(jì)算無限稀釋部分摩爾焓、混合物中組分的吉布斯能和逸度的估計(jì)以及偏摩爾吉布斯能和逸度；第5章全面介紹了相平衡判據(jù)的數(shù)學(xué)表達(dá)式、化學(xué)勢(shì)和逸度及其在相平衡建模中的應(yīng)用，講述了測(cè)定液體和固體逸度、分布系數(shù)、相對(duì)揮發(fā)性以及熱力學(xué)一致性檢驗(yàn)。第5章主要涉及了相平衡的相關(guān)定律和方程；第6章解釋了熱機(jī)的不可逆性的比率、系統(tǒng)的?變化、?在壓縮過程中發(fā)生變化、?遞減原理與?破壞以及?衡算及?效率；第7章介紹了用簡(jiǎn)單模型分析制冷循環(huán)以及卡諾循環(huán)和它在工程中的價(jià)值，并對(duì)蒸汽和聯(lián)合動(dòng)力循環(huán)、卡諾蒸汽循環(huán)、制冷循環(huán)和熱泵系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行了相應(yīng)的解釋；第8章討論了化學(xué)反應(yīng)平衡基礎(chǔ)、化學(xué)反應(yīng)的平衡準(zhǔn)則、平衡常數(shù)和工藝參數(shù)等條件對(duì)化學(xué)平衡組成的影響。
《Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics》注重理論原理與實(shí)際應(yīng)用的結(jié)合，不僅能夠?yàn)樽x者提供豐富的熱力學(xué)基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)，還能為經(jīng)驗(yàn)豐富的化工工程師提供所需的專業(yè)知識(shí)。本書附有大量的例題，并且都系統(tǒng)地給出了解答步驟。讀者能夠通過本書迅速獲取化工熱力學(xué)的知識(shí)內(nèi)容，適合自學(xué)，同時(shí)也是學(xué)習(xí)和掌握專業(yè)英語的高效途徑。
《Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics》（化工熱力學(xué)）可作為化工及相關(guān)專業(yè)的本科生和研究生學(xué)習(xí)化工熱力學(xué)的教材，也可供化工專業(yè)的過程開發(fā)、合成、優(yōu)化等領(lǐng)域的科研人員參考。
王英龍，青島科技大學(xué)化工學(xué)院，教授，王英龍，男。教授，青島科技大學(xué)化工學(xué)院。主要教學(xué)經(jīng)歷：
化工工藝模擬與計(jì)算，2021，本科生，24學(xué)時(shí)，青島科技大學(xué)
化工原理，2006-2021，本科生，32學(xué)時(shí)，青島科技大學(xué)
化工熱力學(xué)，2018-2020，本科生，56學(xué)時(shí)，青島科技大學(xué)
化工原理實(shí)驗(yàn)，2006-2020，本科生，16學(xué)時(shí)，青島科技大學(xué)
化工過程模擬，2015-2020，研究生，32學(xué)時(shí)，青島科技大學(xué)
學(xué)科前沿講座，2018-2020，博士生，40學(xué)時(shí)，青島科技大學(xué)
教學(xué)成果：
1. 化工類專業(yè)碩士研究生科學(xué)認(rèn)知與工程實(shí)踐貫通式培養(yǎng)模式，2017年山東省第八屆高等教育教學(xué)成果獎(jiǎng)，一等獎(jiǎng)(1/9)。
2. 《含低碳醇二元共沸物共沸特性的QSPR模型及其特殊精餾分離策略》（研究生：梁石生），2018年山東省優(yōu)秀碩士學(xué)位論文。
3. 《混合萃取劑分離THF-乙醇-水三元共沸物系的協(xié)同效應(yīng)及工藝集成與控制》（研究生：趙永滕），2019年山東省優(yōu)秀碩士學(xué)位論文。
4. 多元共沸物節(jié)能分離技術(shù)及其工業(yè)應(yīng)用（研究生：馬康），2018年山東省研究生優(yōu)秀科技創(chuàng)新成果獎(jiǎng)。
5. 乙二醇萃取精餾分離乙醇-四氫呋喃的工程設(shè)計(jì)與控制（研究生：張青），2015年山東省專業(yè)學(xué)位研究生優(yōu)秀實(shí)踐成果獎(jiǎng)。
Chapter 1 Introduction 1
1.1 The Category of Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics 1
1.2 The Role of Thermodynamics in Chemical Engineering 2
1.3 Fundamental Law of Thermodynamics 3
1.4 Application of Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics 5
1.5 The State and System 7
Chapter 2 The Physical Properties of Pure Substances 10
2.1 Pure Substance 10
2.2 Phases of Pure Substance 10
2.3 Phase-change Processes of Pure Substances 11
2.4 Property Diagrams for Phase-Change Processes 13
2.4.1 The T-V Diagram 14
2.4.2 The p-V Diagram 15
2.4.3 The p-T Diagram 17
2.4.4 The p-V-T Surface 17
2.5 Equation of State 22
2.5.1 The Ideal-Gas Equation of State 22
2.5.2 Nonideality of Gases 23
2.6 Other Equations of State 23
2.6.1 The van der Waals Equation of State 24
2.6.2 Redlich-Kwong (RK) Equation of State 25
2.6.3 The Soave-Redlich-Kwong (SRK) Equation of State 25
2.6.4 Peng-Robinson (PR) Equation of State 26
2.6.5 Virial Equation of State 26
2.6.6 Multiparameter Equation of State 27
2.7 Principle of Corresponding States and Generalized Association 33
2.7.1 Principle of Corresponding States 34
2.7.2 Principle of Corresponding States with Two Parameters 34
2.7.3 Principle of Corresponding States with Three Parameters 35
2.7.4 Generalized Compressibility Factor Graph Method 35
2.7.5 Generalized Virial Coefficient Method 36
2.8 Application of Aspen Plus in Calculation of Thermodynamic Equation of State 39
EXERCISES 43
REFERENCES 44
Chapter 3 Thermodynamic Properties of Pure Fluids 45
3.1 Mathematical Relationship between Functions 45
3.1.1 Partial Differentials 45
3.1.2 Partial Differential Relations 47
3.1.3 Fundamental Thermodynamic Relation 48
3.2 The Maxwell Relations 49
3.3 The Clapeyron Equation 51
3.4 General Relations for dU, dH, dA, and dG 52
3.5 Joule-Thomson Coefficient 58
3.6 The ?H, ?U, and ?S of Real Gas 60
3.7 Application of Aspen in Thermodynamic Properties 62
CONCLUSION 64
EXERCISES 66
REFERENCES 68
Chapter 4 The Thermodynamics of Multicomponent Mixtures 69
4.1 Excess Property 70
4.2 Properties Change on Mixing 71
4.3 Partial Molar Gibbs Free Energy 78
4.4 Gibbs-Duhem Equation 79
4.5 The Experimental Measurement of Partial Molar Volume and Enthalpy 82
4.6 Gibbs Free Energy and Fugacity of a Component in a Mixture 89
4.6.1 Ideal Gas Mixture 89
4.6.2 Ideal Mixture and Excess Mixture Properties 91
4.6.3 Partial Molar Gibbs Free Energy and Fugacity 95
4.7 Application of Aspen Plus to Thermodynamic Properties of multicomponent Mixtures 100
CONCLUSION 103
EXERCISES 103
REFERENCES 105
Chapter 5 Phase Equilibrium 106
5.1 Phase Equilibrium for a Single-Component System 106
5.1.1 Mathematical Models of Phase Equilibrium 106
5.1.2 Fugacity and Its Use in Modeling Phase Equilibrium 117
5.2 Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium 121
5.2.1 Motivational Example 121
5.2.2 Raoult’s Law and the Presentation of Data 123
5.2.3 Mixture Critical Points 131
5.2.4 Lever Rule and the Flash Problem 132
5.3 Theory and Model of Vapor Liquid Equilibrium of Mixtures: Modified Raoult’s law Method 134
5.3.1 Examples of Incentives 134
5.3.2 Phase Equilibrium of Mixture 135
5.3.3 Fugacity of Mixture 138
5.3.4 Gamma-Phi Modeling 142
5.3.5 Raoult’s law Revisited 143
5.3.6 Henry’s law 144
5.4 Wilson and Van Laar Equation 155
5.4.1 Wilson Equation 155
5.4.2 Relationship between Activity Coefficient and Temperature and Pressure 157
5.4.3 Van Laar Equation and Regular Solution Theory 160
5.4.4 Van Der Waals One-Fluid Mixing Rules 161
5.5 Supplementary Simulation Examples 166
5.5.1 Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium Calculations Using Activity Coefficient Models 166
5.5.2 Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium Calculations Using an Equation of State 179
5.5.3 Prediction of Liquid-Liquid and Vapor-Liquid-Liquid Equilibrium 192
EXERCISES 196
REFERENCES 198
Chapter 6 Energy Analysis of Chemical Process 200
6.1 The Definition of Entropy Exergy 200
6.2 Exergy (Work Potential) Associated with Kinetic and Potential Energy 201
6.3 Reversible Work and Irreversibility 203
6.4 Second-law Efficiency 204
6.5 Exergy Change of a System 206
6.5.1 Exergy of a Fixed Mass: Nonflow (or Closed System) Exergy 206
6.5.2 Exergy of a Flow Stream: Flow (or Stream) Exergy 208
6.6 Exergy Transfer by heat, work, and mass 212
6.6.1 Exergy Transfer by Heat, Q 212
6.6.2 Exergy Transfer from Work, Xwork 213
6.6.3 Exergy Transfer by Mass, m 214
6.7 The Decrease of Exergy Principle and Exergy Destruction 214
6.8 Exergy Balance: Closed Systems 219
6.9 Exergy Balance: Control Volumes 227
6.9.1 Exergy Balance for Steady-Flow Systems 228
6.9.2 Second-Law Efficiency of Steady-Flow Devices 230
6.10 Chemical Process Energy Analysis and Aspen Plus 233
EXERCISES 233
REFERENCES 235
Chapter 7 Thermodynamic Processes and Cycles 237
7.1 Chemical Process Design 237
7.2 Real Heat Engines 239
7.2.1 Comparing the Carnot Cycle with the Rankine Cycle 240
7.2.2 Design Variations in the Rankine Heat Engine 241
7.3 The Vapor-Compression Cycle 245
7.4 Power Cycle and Refrigeration Cycle 246
7.4.1 Thermodynamic Cycles 246
7.4.2 Property Diagrams 248
7.4.3 The Carnot Cycle and Its Value in Engineering 248
7.4.4 Air-standard Assumptions 250
7.4.5 Rankine Cycle: The Ideal Cycle for Vapor Power Cycles 251
7.4.6 Energy Analysis of the Ideal Rankine Cycle 252
7.4.7 The Ideal Re-heat Rankine Cycle 254
7.4.8 The Ideal Regenerative Rankine Cycle 255
7.5 Second-Law Analysis of Vapor Power Cycles 255
7.5.1 Combined Gas-Vapor Power Cycles 257
7.5.2 Refrigeration Cycles 258
7.5.3 Refrigerators and Heat Pumps 260
7.5.4 The Reversed Carnot Cycle 261
7.6 Application of Thermodynamic Processes and Cycles in Aspen Plus 262
EXERCISES 267
REFERENCES 270
Chapter 8 Chemical Reaction Equilibrium 271
8.1 Motivational Example: Propylene from Propane 272
8.2 Chemical Reaction Stoichiometry 278
8.2.1 Extent of Reaction and Time-Independent Mole Balances 279
8.2.2 Extent of Reaction and Time-Dependent Material Balances 281
8.3 The Equilibrium Criterion Applied to a Chemical Reaction 282
8.3.1 The Equilibrium Constant 282
8.3.2 Accounting for the Effects of Pressure 285
8.3.3 Accounting for Changes in Temperature 286
8.3.4 Reference States and Nomenclature 292
8.4 Multiple Reaction Equilibrium 293
8.5 Summary 297
8.6 Chemical Reaction Equilibrium Simulation 298
EXERCISES 301
REFERENCES 303
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