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《英漢交替?zhèn)髯g教程》和《漢英交替?zhèn)髯g教程》分別由八個(gè)教學(xué)單元組成，每個(gè)教學(xué)單元分別由1～4課構(gòu)成，共十七課。每一個(gè)教學(xué)單元主要包括“交替?zhèn)髯g理論與技巧”、“交替?zhèn)髯g技能訓(xùn)練”、“課外補(bǔ)充練習(xí)”和“口譯相關(guān)知識(shí)”介紹等內(nèi)容�！陡叩葘W(xué)校英語(yǔ)翻譯教材系列》可供口譯教師和學(xué)習(xí)者一學(xué)年使用，我們建議一周課堂教學(xué)時(shí)數(shù)不少于2課時(shí)，每周可完成一課內(nèi)容。當(dāng)然，口譯教師可根據(jù)學(xué)習(xí)者在訓(xùn)練中的學(xué)習(xí)進(jìn)度，靈活處理教材。本套教材配有參考譯文、重要國(guó)內(nèi)政治機(jī)構(gòu)名稱、重要國(guó)際組織機(jī)構(gòu)名稱、最新國(guó)際國(guó)內(nèi)相關(guān)專題詞匯、職業(yè)口譯人員道德準(zhǔn)則、經(jīng)典記者招待會(huì)口譯文字實(shí)錄、課文MP3和口譯實(shí)錄MP3光盤(pán)。《英漢交替?zhèn)髯g教程(附光盤(pán))》為其中之一的《英漢交替?zhèn)髯g教程》分冊(cè)。

《英漢交替?zhèn)髯g教程》和《漢英交替?zhèn)髯g教程》是一套重點(diǎn)傳授交替?zhèn)髯g技能的口譯教材，主要為高等學(xué)校和社會(huì)其他對(duì)口譯學(xué)習(xí)感興趣的學(xué)習(xí)者使用。
《英漢交替?zhèn)髯g教程》和《漢英交替?zhèn)髯g教程》遵循交替?zhèn)髯g教學(xué)的基本原則，即，以突出交替?zhèn)髯g技能訓(xùn)練為指導(dǎo)，以培養(yǎng)口譯學(xué)習(xí)者的口譯素質(zhì)為基礎(chǔ)，以提高口譯學(xué)習(xí)者的交替?zhèn)髯g能力為重心，從而幫助口譯學(xué)習(xí)者掌握基本的交替?zhèn)髯g技能，具備能夠從事一般交替?zhèn)髯g工作的基本能力。
《英漢交替?zhèn)髯g教程》和《漢英交替?zhèn)髯g教程》的特點(diǎn)主要表現(xiàn)在如下幾個(gè)方面：
（1）突出交替?zhèn)髯g訓(xùn)練的技能化特點(diǎn)。本套教材重點(diǎn)教授交替?zhèn)髯g基本技能，如交替?zhèn)髯g中的記憶與理解、演講、交替?zhèn)髯g筆記、數(shù)字傳譯、專有名詞傳譯、譯前準(zhǔn)備、釋譯技巧、交替?zhèn)髯g中的困境應(yīng)對(duì)策略、跨文化交際策略等口譯基本技能。
（2）突出交替?zhèn)髯g訓(xùn)練的實(shí)戰(zhàn)性特點(diǎn)。本套教材選材主要為全真會(huì)議材料和最新時(shí)事材料，題材范圍廣，涉及政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、教育、文化、高科技等方面。
（3）突出交替?zhèn)髯g訓(xùn)練的專業(yè)化特點(diǎn)。本套教材所介紹的交替?zhèn)髯g技能大體涵蓋了目前國(guó)內(nèi)翻譯專業(yè)資格考試交替?zhèn)髯g技能的主要方面，通過(guò)對(duì)這套教材的學(xué)習(xí)可以基本了解職業(yè)化口譯培訓(xùn)的程序與內(nèi)容。
（4）理論與實(shí)踐有機(jī)結(jié)合。本套教材的每一課都由交替?zhèn)髯g理論講解和交替?zhèn)髯g技巧訓(xùn)練組成，以幫助學(xué)習(xí)者在口譯學(xué)習(xí)過(guò)程中知其然，也知其所以然，提高學(xué)習(xí)效率。
（5）針對(duì)性強(qiáng)。每一課都有難點(diǎn)分析，針對(duì)課文中訓(xùn)練難點(diǎn)提出建議，幫助學(xué)習(xí)者更好地掌握所學(xué)知識(shí)和技能。
（6）自學(xué)材料豐富。每一課的課外補(bǔ)充練習(xí)為學(xué)習(xí)者提供了大量自學(xué)材料，以幫助學(xué)習(xí)者進(jìn)一步鞏固課堂所學(xué)知識(shí)。

Health and Infectious Diseases
Among health concerns, infectious diseases are having a devastating impact on school systems worldwide. For the past few decades, new diseases have been emerging at the unprecedented rate of one per year, and other known diseases are likely to evolve to drug-resistant strains. HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis and malaria present the most important challenges in terms of morbidity, treatment costs and equitable vaccine access. These three diseases are responsible for about 6 million deaths worldwide each year, mostly in transition and developing countries. The situation is particularly critical in sub-Saharan Africa, which accounts for 63% of the global HIV-infeeted population, 89% of malaria-related deaths and twelve of the fifteen countries with the highest tuberculosis incidence rates worldwide. Women increasingly carry the burden of HIV/AIDS, either through infection or as caretakers.HIV prevalence and AIDS-related deaths are expected to rise in some of the worlds most populous countries leading to increasing or stagnant mortality rates.
Meeting basic health concerns, including nutrition and immunization, is also critical for reaching school enrolment and attendance targets and for effective learning among children in school. Nutrition policies have helped reduce hunger worldwide since 1990, but 800 million people in developing countries remain malnourished as the result of disease or inadequate dietary intake.Several international partnerships have advanced efforts towards universal vaccination coverage, but this has yet to be achieved for all major immunizable diseases. The presence of a sick household member, combined with social and economic inequalities, can affect a childs ability to attend school in multiple ways. For example, HIV/AIDS has been devastating for households as well as the agricultural labour force, as both affected individuals and non-affected family members often stop working. A family can no longer afford the cost for a child to attend school or to forgo the opportunity cost of child labour.Moreover, poor households are at risk of entering the "medical poverty trap" whereby they cannot afford to treat their ailments or they borrow beyond their means to cover health care expenses. Orphans often face many disadvantages,such as the loss of inheritable property and the lack of adult supervision, and a great higher risk than non-orphans of discrimination, social exclusion, dropping out of school and poor access to basic health care.

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